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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-813130
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Kernspintomographischer Nachweis der Subarachnoidalblutung
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Subarachnoid HemorrhagePublication History
Publication Date:
16 April 2004 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Bei Verdacht auf eine akute Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB) gilt die CT mit einer Sensitivität von 85 - 100 % als Methode der Wahl. Mit FLAIR-Sequenzen erreicht die MRT in der Akutdiagnostik eine vergleichbare und ausreichend hohe Sensitivität und kann in Einzelfällen der CT sogar überlegen sein. Allerdings sollten zusätzlich Protonendichte-gewichtete (PDW)-TSE-Sequenzen oder 3D-FLAIR-Sequenzen verwendet werden, um falsch-positive Befunde durch Flussartefakte zu vermeiden. Auf herkömmlichen T1- und T2-gewichteten SE-Sequenzen oder suszeptibilitätsempfindlichen T2*- oder EPI-Sequenzen, wie sie zum Nachweis intrazerebraler Blutungen verwendet werden, sind Subarachnoidalblutungen dagegen nicht mit ausreichender Zuverlässigkeit erkennbar. In der subakuten Phase, etwa ab dem 5. Tag nach vermuteter SAB, ist die MRT der CT in der Sensitivität eindeutig überlegen. Wenn im Rahmen der Schlaganfallsdiagnostik bei klinischem Verdacht auf einen Infarkt eine primäre MRT-Untersuchung angestrebt wird, ist bei adäquater Untersuchungstechnik und ausreichender Erfahrung des Untersuchers eine CT zum Ausschluss einer Subarachnoidalblutung nicht mehr erforderlich.
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice to detect acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The sensitivity of CT has been reported to range from 85 to 100 %. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using FLAIR sequences shows a comparable sensitivity in acute SAH and in some cases can even be superior to CT. However, additional proton density weighted (PDW) TSE sequences or 3D-FLAIR sequences should be used to avoid false-positive results caused by flow artifacts. Conventional T1- or T2-weighted SE sequences or susceptibility weighted T2* or EPI sequences used for the diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage do not detect SAH reliably enough. In subacute SAH, starting from day 5 after the suspected hemorrhage, the sensitivity of MRI is clearly superior to CT. Patients with suspected ischemic stroke scheduled for the initial evaluation by MRI no longer need additional CT studies to rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage as long as the MRI protocols are adequate and the radiologist has the necessary experience.
Key words
Magnetic resonance imaging - FLAIR sequence - subarachnoid hemorrhage - intracranial hemorrhage
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Dr. med. M. Wiesmann
Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum München-Großhadern
Marchioninistraße 15
81377 München
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Email: martin.wiesmann@helios.med.uni-muenchen.de