Beatmung als Therapie der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz

Die maschinelle Beatmung dient im Wesentlichen zwei Zielen: Der Übernahme einer erhöhten Atemarbeit sowie der Korrektur einer schweren Gasaustauschstörung. Während die Übernahme der Atemarbeit vor allem beim primär hyperkapnischen respiratorischen Versagen aufgrund einer versagenden Atempumpe wichtig ist [45], steht die Wiederherstellung eines gestörten Gasaustauschs bei der hypoxämischen Insuffizienz aufgrund eines akuten Lungenschadens (acute lung injury, ALI; acute respiratory distress, ARDS) im Fokus der Indikation zur Beatmung [48], wenn trotz O₂ Applikation keine ausreichende Oxygenierung aufrechterhalten werden kann.

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