The Future of Surgical Endoscopy

Introduction

Endoscopy was initially introduced as a diagnostic tool. Improvements have now made it an indispensable, multifaceted instrument for diagnosis, therapy, and innovation. The progression of endoscopy has been paralleled by the rapid growth of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). MIS is now the standard of surgical care for many disease processes. However, recent advances in MIS have been evolutionary rather than revolutionary, due to several limitations. Laparoscopy requires abdominal incisions for instrument access and specimen removal. General anesthesia is required for all but the most minimal procedures. The instruments used are rigid and usually serve only a single function. A marriage between endoscopy and MIS may overcome these limitations. This review will highlight some current applications, ongoing investigations, and areas for potential progress.

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