Push-and-Pull Enteroscopy using the Double-Balloon Technique: Method of Assessing Depth of Insertion and Training of the Enteroscopy Technique using the Erlangen Endo-Trainer

Background and Study Aims: This study was conducted to test a method of measuring the depth of insertion into the small bowel during push-and-pull enteroscopy using the Erlangen Endo-Trainer. Furthermore, the Erlangen Endo-Trainer model for training in the new method of push-and-pull enteroscopy using the double-balloon technique was also evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Specially prepared packages of porcine upper visceral organs were used, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small bowel, implanted into the Erlangen Endo-Trainer. In the first step of this study, all of the modifications needed to obtain a model useful for training in the new enteroscopy technique were tested, including different lengths of small bowel. In the next step, the Erlangen Endo-Trainer was used to evaluate a special method of measuring the depth of insertion during push-and-pull enteroscopy by comparing estimated insertion depths of 100 cm and 200 cm, marked on the porcine small bowel, with endoscopic insertion depths determined afterwards by measuring the length of the small bowel from the pylorus to the mark on the porcine small bowel. Additionally, the Endotrainer was used to demonstrate the principle of double-balloon enteroscopy and to provide training in this new enteroscopy technique with a lifelike simulation.
Results: The modified Erlangen Endo-Trainer proved its value for demonstrating the principle of push-and-pull enteroscopy and for providing training in this enteroscopic technique as well as for testing the measurement method. The evaluation of the measurement method showed that the estimation of the insertion depths was accurate, with a mean deviation of less than 10 %. A total of 13 workshops (seven national and six international), including a total of 97 participants, were carried out between January and August 2004. Under the supervision of one of the authors, pairs of trainees were able to reach the ileal valve or the end of the small bowel from the oral route.
Conclusions: The modified Erlangen Endo-Trainer is useful for training in the push-and-pull enteroscopy technique. The new specially developed method of measuring the depth of insertion during push-and-pull enteroscopy seems to be valid.

References

• 1 May A, Nachbar L, Wardak A. et al . Double-balloon enteroscopy: preliminary experience in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding or chronic abdominal pain.  Endoscopy. 2003;  35 985-991
• 2 Yamamoto H, Sekine Y, Sato Y. et al . Total enteroscopy with a nonsurgical steerable double-balloon method.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;  53 216-220
• 3 Ell C, Remke S, May A. et al . The first prospective controlled trial comparing wireless capsule endoscopy with push enteroscopy in chronic gastrointestinal bleeding.  Endoscopy. 2002;  34 685-689
• 4 Hartmann D, Schilling D, Bolz G. et al . Capsule endoscopy versus push enteroscopy in patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding.  Z Gastroenterol. 2003;  41 377-382
• 5 Saurin J C, Delvaux M, Gaudin J L. et al . Diagnostic value of endoscopic capsule in patients with obscure digestive bleeding: blinded comparison with video push-enteroscopy.  Endoscopy. 2003;  35 576-584
• 6 Neumann M, Mayer G, Ell C. et al . The Erlangen Endo-Trainer: life-like simulation for diagnostic and interventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.  Endoscopy. 2000;  32 906-910
• 7 Neumann M, Hochberger J, Felzmann T. et al . Part 1: The Erlanger Endo-Trainer.  Endoscopy. 2001;  33 887-890
• 8 Neumann M, Siebert T, Rausch J. et al . Scorecard endoscopy: a pilot study to assess basic skills in trainees for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.  Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2003;  387 386-391