p-Toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate

Biographical Sketches

Jean-Baptiste Malaubier obtained his certificate from the Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Poitiers, France, his diploma from Sligo Institute of Technology, Ireland and his B.Sc. degree in chemistry from Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Ireland, in 2002. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. in organic chemistry under the supervision of Prof. W. J. Spillane at the National University of Ireland, Galway. His research includes the synthesis of sulfamate esters and their structure-taste relationships.

Introduction

p-Toluenesulfonyl isocyanate (tosyl isocyanate or ­TsNCO) is a colorless liquid that reacts violently with ­water and with basic and protic solvents. Reactions should be carried out with care and only in a fumehood, since TsNCO is corrosive and lachrymatory. It is easily soluble in inert media such as chlorinated, aromatic and ethereal solvents. It is now commercially widely available but can also be synthesised in about 93% yield as shown in Scheme 1. [1]

The reactivity of the isocyanate carbon is greatly improved by the sulfonyl group nearby. TsNCO is remarkably heat-stable and can be distilled in vacuo without decomposition.

Scheme 1 Synthesis of TsNCO

Abstracts

(A) Murai and co-workers showed that nucleophilic attack by TsNCO at the central carbon of a platinum p-allyl system leads to the substitution of the oxygen atom by the p-toluenesulfonyl N group in high yield. [2] This was the first example of stoichiometric nucleophilic substitution at a central p-allyl carbon.
(B) Willis et al. used TsNCO to react with mononuclear iron h1-allyls, propargyls and allenyls and afford [2+3] cycloaddition products. [3] The iron allenyl system gave the cycloadduct shown.
(C) Supuran et al. [4] showed that the reaction of TsNCO with primary amines, amino acids or dipeptides afforded a novel class of compounds that possess powerful antitumor activity. Some functional groups had to be protected in order to avoid unwanted reactions. The product 4-toluenesulfonylureido derivatives were obtained in yields varying from 36% up to 95%. Secondary amines were reacted with TsNCO in a similar manner by Nussbaumer et al. [5] to target several hormone dependant diseases.
(D) McFarland and co-workers reported the use of TsNCO in a ring enlargement process (from 3- to 5-membered). [6] TsNCO cyclised with an epoxide to give the corresponding toluenesulfonyl 2-oxazolinone. One of the C-O bonds of the epoxide is broken during the process and the N-C group from the tosyl isocyanate is inserted. The less sterically hindered isomer I is favoured over II.
(E) Holmes et al. reported that the thermal reaction of methyl glyoxylate with TsNCO gave an imino ester via [2+2] cycloaddition, followed by cycloreversion with expulsion of carbon dioxide. [7]
(F) Sharpless and Xu reported that the reaction of an ene diol with TsNCO, catalysed by Pd(0), afforded enantiomerically enriched oxazolidin-2-ones via [2+3] cycloaddition. [8]

References

1a Ulrich H, and Sayigh AAR. inventors; U. S. Patent  3371114. 

1b For a review see: Ulrich H. Chem. Rev.  1965,  65:  369 

2 Ohe K. Matsuda H. Morimoto T. Ogoshi S. Chatani N. Murai S. J. Am. Chem. Soc.  1994,  116:  4125 

3a Willis RR. Calligaris M. Faleschini P. Gallucci JC. Wojcicki A. J. Organomet. Chem.  2000,  593-594:  465 

3b Shuchart CE. Willis RR. Wojcicki A. J. Organomet. Chem.  1992,  424:  185 

4a Mastrolorenzo A. Scozzafava A. Supuran CT. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci.  2000,  11:  325 

4b Scozzafava A. Supuran CT. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.  2002,  12:  2667 

5 Nussbaumer P. Geyl D. Horvath A. Lehr P. Wolff B. Billich A. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.  2003,  13:  3673 

6 McFarland JW. Beaulieu JJ. Arrey LN. Frey LM. J. Heterocycl. Chem.  1988,  25:  1431 

7 Hamley P. Holmes AB. Kee A. Ladduwahetty T. Smith DF. Synlett  1991,  29 

8 Xu D. Sharpless KB. Tetrahedron Lett.  1993,  34:  951