Zusammenfassung
Menschen aus den unteren sozialen Schichten greifen vermehrt zu legalen und illegalen Drogen. Dabei sind Tabak und Alkohol als legale Drogen besonders betroffen. Sie werden millionenfach in Deutschland missbraucht, um von den Alltagsproblemen abzulenken. Seit Jahrzehnten ist bekannt, dass die Mitglieder aus den unteren sozialen Schichten der Gesellschaft mit geringeren beruflichen Qualifizierungen davon zu einem größeren Teil betroffen sind als Menschen mit höheren Schul- und Hochschulabschlüssen. Besondere Zielgruppen für Tabak und Alkohol sind zeitweilig oder langzeitig Arbeitslose sowie allein lebende Menschen. Wenn es um das Rauchen geht, werden Kinder und Frauen davon mehr betroffen als Männer. Die Vereinsamung des Menschen, oft einhergehend mit dem Auftreten depressiver Reaktionen oder von Depressionen, begünstigt den Griff zur Zigarette. Sozial schwache Menschen geben bis zu 20 % ihres Einkommens für Tabakwaren aus. In zahlreichen Industrieländern wird der Zeitpunkt des Rauchbeginns in immer frühere Lebensjahre verlegt, wodurch vermeidbare Erkrankungen in immer früheren Lebensjahren zu beobachten sind. Das bedeutet, dass vermeidbare Erkrankungen über immer längere Zeiträume medizinisch versorgt werden müssen. In den kommenden Jahren müssen wirksame Präventionsprogramme gegen das Rauchen insbesondere für die sozioökonomisch schlecht gestellten Bevölkerungsteile entwickelt werden, um die Finanzierbarkeit der Gesundheitssysteme in den kommenden Jahrzehnten überhaupt noch zu ermöglichen.
Abstract
People of lower socio-economic strata increasingly use legal as well as illegal drugs. Tobacco and alcohol are legal drugs that cause particular concern. Both drugs are widely abused in Germany by people attempting to escape their everyday problems. For decades it has been known that tobacco and alcohol use are more prevalent in lower socio-economic strata of society (those with low educational achievement, compared to people with further or higher education qualifications). Tobacco and alcohol abuse is particularly high among the unemployed, either temporarily or longterm, as well as among persons living alone. Children and women are more concerned about smoking than men. Male loneliness, often accompanied by the appearance of depressive reactions or of depression, increases the likelihood of cigarette smoking. Poor people spend up to 20 % of their income on tobacco. In many industrialised countries, the age of onset of smoking is becoming younger and younger, increasing the risk of development of avoidable tobacco-related illnesses at an earlier age. This means that young smokers who develop chronic tobacco-related illnesses require medical care for many years, increasing the cost of treating tobacco-related disease. Within the next few years, effective prevention programmes against smoking must be developed, particularly for the lower socio-economic populations, to prevent the cost of health care systems spiralling during the next few decades.
Schlüsselwörter
Rauchen - sozioökonomischer Status - Arbeitslosigkeit - Kinder - Frauen
Key words
Cigarette smoking - socio-economic status - unemployment - children - females
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Prof. Dr. med. Knut-Olaf Haustein
Fritz-Lickint-Institut für Nikotinforschung und Raucherentwöhnung
Johannesstraße 85 – 87
99084 Erfurt
eMail: haustein@inr-online.de
