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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865089
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Aortenklappenersatz beim älteren Patienten
Aortic valve replacement in elderly patientsPublication History
eingereicht: 30.11.2004
akzeptiert: 3.3.2005
Publication Date:
18 March 2005 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Operationen an der Aortenklappe sind nach den Koronaroperationen die häufigsten kardiochirurgischen Eingriffe. Verursacht durch die demographische Entwicklung kommt es zu einer Verschiebung des Operationsalters in die 7. - 9. Lebensdekade. Im Rahmen des Aortenklappenersatzes werden jenseits des 65. Lebensjahres biologische Klappenprothesen als Aortenklappensubstitute empfohlen. Einerseits unterliegen die xenogenen Prothesen in dieser Altersgruppe nur einer langsamen Degeneration und andererseits sind insbesondere die älteren Patienten durch Komplikationen einer Cumarintherapie bedroht. Die modernen klappenerhaltenden Operationsverfahren können auch bei den älteren Patienten mit geringem, kalkulierbarem Risiko eingesetzt werden. Die Sterblichkeit an Aortenklappenoperationen ist bei den älteren Patienten etwas höher als bei vergleichbaren jüngeren Patienten. Sie wird entscheidend von weiteren Risikofaktoren, wie dem klinischen Stadium und der Komorbidität beeinflusst. Schlussfolgernd sollte ein Aortenklappenersatz auch bei älteren, symptomatischen Patienten immer erwogen werden. Die Wahl des Operationsverfahrens bleibt eine patientenspezifische Notwendigkeit, die zwischen dem Patienten, dem Kardiologen und dem Herzchirurgen erfolgen sollte.
Summary
Aortic valve procedures represent the second most frequent surgical intervention in cardiac surgery. Due to the demographic developments there is a shift into the seventh to ninth decade of age. For patients beyond 65 years biological valve prostheses are recommended. In these patients xenografts are showing only a slow degeneration. Furthermore, especially these patients are threatened by complications caused by cumarine therapy. Modern valve-sparing procedures might also be used in old patients with an insurable risk. Mortality is slightly increased in old patients compared to younger patients. However, additional risk factors like clinical stage as well as co-morbidity affect the mortality significantly. The specific operative procedure has to select with respect to the individual situation of the patient. In conclusion, aortic valve surgery should be taken into account also in older, symptomatic patients.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Ulrich Franke
Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Erlanger Allee 101
07740 Jena
Phone: 03641/9322901
Fax: 03641/9322902
Email: Ulrich.Franke@med.uni-jena.de