Implantatdesignabhängiger peri-implantärer Knochenverlust?

Zusammenfassung

Mechanische Einflüsse sind bekannte Größen für das Knochenremodelling an der Knochen-Implantat-Grenzfläche. Es bestehen Kontroversen, ob das Implantatdesign einen Einfluss auf die Ausprägung des peri-implantären Knochenlagers besitzt. Ziel der Studie war es daher, die peri-implantäre Knochenformation eines zylindrischen (ITI) und konischen (ILI) Implantats unabhängig von mechanischen Einflussfaktoren in vivo zu untersuchen. Es wurden dazu 60 Implantate (30 ITI- und 30 ILI-Implantate) in die kranialen und kaudalen Tibiadiaphysen von 8 Göttinger Minischweinen inseriert. Die Tiere wurden nach 7 und 28 Tagen (jeweils 4 Tiere) getötet und die implantatbesetzten Knochenproben für die verschiedenen Untersuchungen explantiert.

Die histologischen Untersuchungen zeigten eine direkte Anlagerung von mineralisierter Extrazellularmatrix im kortikalen und spongiösen Knochenanteil in der Frühphase nach der Implantateinbringung. Bei den zylindrischen Implantaten zeigte sich im Gegensatz zu den konischen Implantaten sowohl nach 7 und 28 Tagen ein schmaler Spalt an nicht ossifizierendem Gewebe.

Unsere Untersuchung zeigt eine implantatdesignabhängige Ausformung des krestalen peri-implantären Knochens.

Summary

It is generally accepted that peri-implant tissue formation and mineralization depend on the local mechanical environment in the interface zone. Controversies exist concerning the impact of implant design on peri-implant bone formation.

The aim of the present study was the in-vivo evaluation of peri-implant bone formation by 2 different implant systems (cylindrical [ITI] versus conical [ILI]). A total of 60 implants (30 ITI and 30 ILI) were placed in the cranial and caudal part of the tibia of 8 Göttinger minipigs. Half of the minipigs were sacrificed at 7 days and 28 days of osseointegration. Implant containing bone specimens were prepared for histological and ultrastructural investigations.

Histological investigation showed a direct contact of bone-like minerals over the whole implant surface from day 7 of implant/bone interaction. The conical implant showed a direct contact up to the top of the crestal bone. The cylindrical implants demonstrated a small crestally located narrow gap without ossification over the whole experimental period.

Our investigations demonstrate an implant-design inherent emergence and maintenance of crestal bone.

Implantat - Osseointegration - Implantatdesign

Endosseous Dental Implantation - Implant - Osseointegration - Peri-Implant Bone

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