Direct condensation of equimolar amounts of long chain carboxylic acids and alcohols could be achieved by using zirconyl chloride as an efficient catalyst. ZrOCl2·8H2O showed high activity for esterification between primary acids and alcohols; however, it was less active in the combination of branched acid and secondary alcohols to give the corresponding esters.
esterification - long chain aliphatic carboxylic acid - long chain aliphatic alcohol - zirconyl chloride