Zusammenfassung
Einleitung : Die bisherigen Untersuchungsmethoden des mukoziliaren Transports - experimentell oder in vivo, z. B. Saccharinprüfung - können nur eingeschränkt Auskunft über eine Fehlfunktion geben.
Methodik : Wir entwickelten eine neue Methodik, mit der in einer kurz dauernden (30 Sekunden) videoendoskopischen Messung an verschiedenen Lokalisationen in der Nase die Transportkapazität geprüft werden kann. Die Wanderungsgeschwindigkeit einer 500 µm kleinen Titanoxid-Mikrosphäre wird (in mm pro Minute) vektoranalytisch vermessen.
Ergebnisse : An 20 Patienten validierten wir die Technik. Es bestätigten sich die interindividuelle Varianz und lokalisationsabhängige Transportgeschwindigkeit.
Schlussfolgerung : Mit dem vorgestellten Verfahren ist es erstmals im Rahmen einer kurzen Untersuchung möglich, den mukoziliaren Transport an den endoskopisch einsehbaren Orten der Nasenschleimhaut gezielt zu messen. Wir planen die Erstellung eines Katasters der Nasenschleimhaut (olfaktorisches Epithel, Umgebung der Ostien etc.) sowie den Einsatz bei verschiedenen, auch uncharakteristischen („post-nasal-drip”) Veränderungen.
Abstract
Introduction : Mucociliary clearance is one of the major functions of the nasal epithelium. Limited information on the physiology or malfunction could up to now only be obtained by experimental investigations in vitro with cytological measurements of ciliary beat frequency or with extensive, time-consuming in-vivo-tests.
Methods : We developed a new technique, which measures the transport capacity at various locations at the mucosa in the nose of a sitting patient with a short (30 sec) video-endoscopic examination. The velocity of a 500 µm TiO2 -microsphere as inert marker, which is placed on the mucosa region of interest, is measured by a vector-analytic calculation in mm/min.
Results : We validated this technique in 20 subjects with measurements on the floor of the nose. The inter-individual variance and variable transport speed at different locations as known from the literature could be confirmed.
Conclusions : This technique allows for the first time to measure the mucociliary clearance at various locations inside the nose of a patient in a short and easy to perform procedure, which up to now necessitated extensive or experimental set-ups. Besides the establishment of a register of mucociliary clearance at various anatomical localisations inside the nose (olfactory epithelium, conchae, surrounding of the ostiae etc.), we intend to verify if this technique can be used as a new diagnostic tool to obtain a deeper insight into some pathologic alterations or uncharacteristic symptoms („post-nasal-drip”) or drug-effects in the nose and in the tracheo-bronchial system.
Schlüsselwörter
Nasale mukoziliare Clearance - endoskopische Messung - Reinigungsfunktion - Nasenschleimhaut
Key words
Nasal mucociliary clearance - transport velocity - endoscopic measurement
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Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h. c. Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink
HNO-Universitätsklinik Köln
Kerpenerstraße 62 · 50937 Köln · Deutschland
eMail: huettenbrink.k-b@uni-koeln.de