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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-921361
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Endometriumkarzinom - Anregungen für die neue Leitlinienversion
Endometrial Cancer - Suggestions for the Update of the GuidelinesPublication History
Publication Date:
31 January 2006 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die operative Behandlung ist der Grundpfeiler der Therapie des Endometriumkarzinoms. Neben der Entfernung des Uterus und der Adnexe setzt sich zunehmend auch die pelvine und paraaortale Lymphonodektomie (LNE) durch, die als Staging-Prozedur den gezielten Einsatz adjuvanter Maßnahmen wie der Strahlentherapie ermöglicht und wahrscheinlich gleichzeitig einen wichtigen therapeutischen Benefit erbringt. Da bisher keine randomisierten Studien vorliegen und die Durchführung der LNE bei den häufig multimorbiden und adipösen Patientinnen ein kompetentes Team erfordert, wird die Indikation hierfür von einigen Autoren zurückhaltend gestellt und von dem Vorliegen diverser prä- und intraoperativ erhobener Befunde abhängig gemacht. Auf der anderen Seite fordert z. B. das National Comprehensive Cancer Network der USA für alle Patientinnen mit Endometriumkarzinom die Durchführung einer kompletten pelvinen und paraaortalen Lymphonodektomie. Lediglich im Stadium IA G1 ist diese Maßnahme optional. Der Nutzen einer adjuvanten perkutanen Teletherapie des Beckens im Stadium I ist durch mehrere randomisierte Studien infrage gestellt worden. Bei komplett operativ gestagten Patientinnen kann wahrscheinlich häufig auf diese Maßnahme verzichtet und stattdessen lediglich eine vaginale Brachytherapie durchgeführt werden. Die Abdomenganzbestrahlung ist einer systemischen Chemotherapie bei fortgeschrittenem Endometriumkarzinom unterlegen. Neue multimodale Konzepte aus operativem Staging, adjuvanter Chemo- und gezielter Strahlentherapie müssen evaluiert werden. In der palliativen Situation werden neben der etablierten Gestagentherapie innovative endokrine Maßnahmen evaluiert. Die Effektivität der bisherigen Standardchemotherapie mit Adriamycin und Cisplatin konnte durch Hinzunahme von Paclitaxel etwas verbessert werden, allerdings um den Preis einer deutlichen Toxizitätssteigerung. Frauen mit Endometriumkarzinom sollten - wie es beim Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinom Standard ist - ebenfalls möglichst im Rahmen von zertifizierten Studien behandelt werden.
Abstract
Surgical therapy is the mainstay of the treatment of endometrial cancer. Apart from total abdominal hysterectomy und bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, complete pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy has become an integral part of the primary surgical procedure, allowing for definite surgical/histopathological staging. In surgically staged patients, adjuvant measures including external radiotherapy can be applied with a clear indication and unnecessary toxicity can be avoided. In addition complete lymphadenectomy has probably a relevant therapeutic effect. As so far no randomized trials have been completed and lymphadenectomy in the often multimorbid and obese endometrial cancer patients requires a certain amount of expertise, it is not accepted by all experts or is accepted only if a variety of parameters obtained pre- and intraoperatively are present. On the other hand, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network of the USA recommends a complete pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy for all patients with endometrial cancer, except for those with Stage IA, Grade 1 disease where this procedure is optional. The efficacy of an adjuvant pelvic teletherapy in Stage I patients has been questioned by several randomized trials. In patients having a complete surgical staging, external radiotherapy is often not necessary and can be replaced by vaginal brachytherapy. In advanced stages of endometrial cancer chemotherapy has been shown to be superior to whole abdominal radiotherapy. New multimodal concepts including surgical staging, adjuvant chemo- and targeted radiotherapy have to be evaluated. In the palliative setting novel endocrine strategies are being assessed in addition to the well established progestagen therapy. The efficacy of the standard chemotherapy with adriamycin/cisplatin could be somewhat improved by adding paclitaxel, at the expense of a markedly increased toxicity. Women with the diagnosis of endometrial cancer should be treated in the context of certified clinical trials as it has become the standard for patients with breast or ovarian cancer.
Schlüsselwörter
Endometriumkarzinom - operative Therapie - Strahlentherapie - systemische Therapie
Key words
endometrial cancer - surgical therapy - radiotherapy - systemic therapy
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Prof. G. Emons
Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe
Robert Koch-Str. 40
D-37075 Göttingen