Digestive und prädigestive Funktionen bei Patienten mit Essstörungen

Zusammenfassung

Patientinnen mit Essstörungen (Anorexia nervosa, AN; Bulimia nervosa, BN) weisen häufig gastrointestinale Symptome und veränderte gastrointestinale Funktionen, insbesondere eine verlängerte Magenentleerung, auf. Diese Symptome gelten bislang als Sekundärphänomene der Mangel- und Fehlernährung, sowie als Folge von Erbrechen oder der Einnahme von Laxantien. Im Verlauf einer erfolgreichen Behandlung kommt es zur signifikanten Abnahme gastrointestinaler Symptome. Es gibt eine Reihe von Belegen, dass auch prädigestive Funktionen (Geruch, Geschmack, cephale Phase der Nahrungsaufnahme) und die hormonelle Regulation der Digestion verändert sind. Dies verweist auf die Möglichkeit, dass bei einer Teilpopulation der Patientinnen mit AN und BN die gestörten digestiven und prädigestiven Funktionen auch mitverantwortlich für das Entstehen oder die Aufrechterhaltung einer Essstörung (ES) sein könnten. Die bisherige Literatur wird unter dieser Prämisse diskutiert und analysiert.

Abstract

Patients with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, AN; bulimia nervosa, BN) frequently exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms and altered gastrointestinal functions, especially delayed gastric emptying. These symptoms are regarded as secondary to the disordered eating behaviour, vomiting or laxative misuse. They often improve during successful therapy. There are, however, studies showing that in addition predigestive functions (smell, taste, cephalic phase of digestion) and the hormonal regulation of digestion may be changed in eating disorders. This underlines the possibility that, in a subpopulation of patients with AN and BN, the disturbed digestive and predigestive functions may be involved in the pathogenesis of the eating disorders. The current literature is analysed and summarised in this context.

Schlüsselwörter

Motilitätsstörung - gastrointestinale Motilität - Magenentleerung

Key words

Motility disorders - gastrointestinal motility - gastric emptying

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