Abstract
Oligodendrogliomas are brain tumors with unpredictable biological and clinical behavior. Prognostic factors related to survival are still controversial. The present study reviews 50 patients with well-differentiated (WHO grade II) oligodendrogliomas, located in the cerebral hemispheres and operated upon between 1980 and 1998. Prognostic factors studied include patient's age and sex, tumor location and extent, preoperative KPS, and extent of the surgical resection. The Ki-67 and the proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels were studied in all patients and some growth factors (GFs), including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and tenascine were examined in 20 patients. The long-term outcome and survival are not significantly correlated with the patient's age and sex, tumor location and extent, preoperative KPS and procedure for resection. Patients with lower Ki-67 and PCNA showed a significantly longer survival time (p < 0.001 and p < 0.019, respectively). Between 45 and 70 % of the tumors stained positive for one or more growth factors. Interestingly, cases with late recurrences (more than 4 years after surgery) and longer survival are significantly associated to negative GF expression or slight positivity, as compared with the variable and more often moderate immunoreactivity of cases with early anaplastic recurrences and shorter survival time. The presented data suggest that low proliferation indices and negative GF expression are associated with longer survival in well-differentiated oligodendrogliomas.
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Oligodendrogliome sind Hirntumoren mit schwer vorhersehbarem biologischen und klinischen Verhalten. Prognostische Faktoren, die das Überleben beeinflussen, sind nach wie vor umstritten. Diese Studie analysiert 50 Patienten mit gut differenzierten WHO Grad-II-Oligodendrogliomen, die in den zerebralen Hemisphären lokalisiert waren und zwischen 1980 und 1998 opereriert wurden. Methoden: Die untersuchten prognostischen Faktoren schließen ein: Alter, Geschlecht, Tumorlokalisation, Tumorausdehnung, präoperativer Karnofsky-Score (KPS) und Ausmaß der Resektion. Bei allen Patienten wurde das Ki-67 und das PCNA (proliferatives Zellnuklear-Antigen) untersucht und bei einigen die Wachstumsfaktoren, einschließlich Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) und Tenascin bei 20 Patienten. Ergebnisse: Überleben und Langzeitergebnisse sind nicht signifikant mit dem Alter des Patienten und dem Geschlecht, der Lokalisation des Tumors, der Tumorausdehnung, dem präoperativen KPS und dem Ausmaß der Resektion korreliert. Patienten, die ein niedriges Ki-67 und PCNA aufwiesen, zeigten eine deutlich längere Überlebenszeit (p < 0,001 beziehungsweise p > 0,019). Zwischen 45 und 70 % der Tumoren wiesen eine Anfärbung für einen oder mehrere Wachstumsfaktoren auf. Interessanterweise waren Tumoren mit späten Rezidiven (mehr als 4 Jahre nach Operation) und längerer Überlebenszeit signifikant assoziiert mit einer negativen Wachstumsfaktor-Expression oder nur leicht positiver Expression, verglichen mit der variablen und oft mäßigen Immunreaktivität der Fälle, die ein frühes anaplastisches Rezidiv und kürzere Überlebenszeiten aufwiesen. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Daten legen die Schlussfolgerung nahe, dass ein niedriger Proliferationsindex und negative Wachstumsfaktor-Expression mit längerem Überleben bei gut differenzierten Oligodendrogliomen assoziert sind.
Key words
oligodendroglioma - brain tumor - growth factor - tumor marker - survival
Schlüsselwörter
Oligodendrogliom - Hirntumor - Wachstumsfaktor - Tumormarker - Überlebenszeit
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Prof. F. Maiuri
Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche · Cattedra di Neurochirurgia · Università “Federico II”
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