Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with the aid of a colonoscope to avoid gastrocolic fistula formation

Table of Contents

Penetration of the colon and the subsequent development of a gastrocolic fistula is a recognized complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) [1]. Normally the transverse colon is the only mobile portion of the colon lying anterior to the stomach, and so technical aspects aimed at minimizing such complications are mainly focused on the displacement of transverse colon that has become interposed between the stomach and the abdominal wall [2] [3] [4]. However, other segments of colon, such as sigmoid colon, may also become interposed between the stomach and the abdominal wall because of a lax mesentery and/or previous abdominal surgery.

An 84-year-old man was hospitalized with a 2-month history of swallowing difficulties following cerebral infarction, and it was decided that the patient required a feeding gastrostomy. The patient had previously undergone a laparotomy for volvulus. It is not feasible to routinely carry out plain abdominal radiography before PEG. However, we usually perform PEG with fluoroscopy to avoid transfixing the transverse colon [5], and we were thus able to detect at the start of the procedure that the colon was interposed between the stomach and the abdominal wall. PEG was therefore deferred because of this complication. Abdominal radiography ([Figure 1]) and computed tomography ([Figure 2]) confirmed sigmoid colonic interposition.

Figure 1 An abdominal radiograph showing the interposed sigmoid colon between the stomach and the abdominal wall.

Figure 2 Computed tomography image showing the interposed sigmoid colon between the stomach and the abdominal wall.

We decided to use a colonoscope to facilitate the displacement of the sigmoid colon in the next procedure. A colonoscope (CF-200I; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted into the sigmoid colon allowing straightening of the loop of bowel and then gas was evacuated via the colonoscope. A gastroscope (XQ-230; Olympus) was subsequently introduced into the stomach, which was then fully insufflated. As a result of these maneuvers, the anterior gastric wall came to lie in contact with the abdominal wall ([Figure 3]), and PEG was performed. We believe that this procedure is useful for avoiding gastrocolic fistula formation in such exceptional cases.

Figure 3 An abdominal radiograph showing full insufflation of air into the stomach. The anterior gastric wall comes to lie in contact with the abdominal wall. A water-soluble contrast medium (meglumine sodium amidotrizoate) injected through a colonoscope can be seen. Note: a colonoscope and a gastroscope are inserted simultaneously.

Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AO_2AK

References

• 1 Gauderer M WL, Ponsky J L, Izant R J Jr. Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique.  J Pediatr Surg. 1980;  15 872-875
• 2 Bui H D, Dang C V, Schlater T. et al . A new complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1988;  83 448-451
• 3 Beasley S W, Catto-Smith A G, Davidson P M. How to avoid complications during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.  J Pediatr Surg. 1995;  30 671-673
• 4 Stefan M M, Holcomb G W III, Ross A J III. Cologastric fistula as a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.  JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1989;  13 554-556
• 5 Maetani I, Yasuda M, Seike M. et al . Efficacy of an overtube for reducing the risk of peristomal infection after PEG placement: a prospective, randomized comparison study.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;  61 522-527