Planta Med 2007; 73(3): 212-220
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967120
Original Paper
Pharmacology
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Schisandrol A from Schisandra chinensis Reverses P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance by Affecting Pgp-Substrate Complexes

Wang-Fun Fong1 , Chi-Keung Wan2 , Guo-Yuan Zhu2 , Apurba Chattopadhyay3 , Saibal Dey3 , 4 , Zhongzhen Zhao1 , Xiao-Ling Shen2
  • 1School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
  • 2Bioactive Products Research Group, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
  • 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
  • 4A portion of the work was funded by United States Public Health Services Grant GM067926 to Saibal Dey
Further Information

Publication History

Received: October 27, 2006

Accepted: January 21, 2007

Publication Date:
22 February 2007 (online)

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans may reverse P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (Pgp-MDR) in cancer cells; however, the mechanism of action remains unknown. Through screening of herbs, we found that schisandrol A (SCH) isolated from Fructus Schisandrae (the dried fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.) sensitized Pgp-MDR HepG2-DR cells by interfering with the function of Pgp-substrate complexes. In Pgp-MDR cells, SCH enhanced the cytotoxicity of cancer drugs that are Pgp substrates and restored vinblastine-induced G2/M arrest without lowering Pgp expression. SCH increased cellular retention of Pgp substrates such as rhodamine 123. In Pgp-overexpressing membrane preparations, SCH stimulated basal Pgp-ATPase thus showing some substrate-like function. However, SCH was not a competitive inhibitor for verapamil or progesterone and decreased their Km. In the presence of substrates, SCH decreased the reactivity between Pgp and the monoclonal antibody UIC-2 which is normally increased with active substrate-Pgp complexes. The labeling of active Pgp transport sites by [125I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin was partially blocked by SCH. SCH did not affect the activity of the mutant Pgp F983A suggesting that SCH acted differently than the thioxanthene type of Pgp allosteric inhibitors. Our results suggest that SCH acts by affecting the normal formation and functioning of the Pgp-substrate complexes.

Abbreviations

[125I]IAAP:[125I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin

MDR:multidrug resistance

Pgp:P-glycoprotein

PI:propidium iodide

Rh-123:rhodamine 123

SCH:schisandrol A

SRB:sulforhodamine B

References

  • 1 Krishna R, Mayer L D. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer mechanisms, reversal using modulators of MDR and the role of MDR modulators in influencing the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs.  Eur J Pharm Sci. 2000;  11 265-83.
  • 2 Gottesman M M, Fojo T, Bates S E. Multidrug resistance in cancer: role of ATP-dependent transporters.  Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;  2 48-58.
  • 3 Ambudkar S V, Dey S, Hrycyna C A, Ramachandra M, Pastan I, Gottesman M M. Biochemical, cellular, and pharmacological aspects of the multidrug transporter.  Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1999;  29 361-98.
  • 4 Stewart A, Steiner J, Mellows G, Laguda B, Norris D, Bevan P. Phase I trial of XR9576 in healthy volunteers demonstrates modulation of P-glycoprotein in CD56+ lymphocytes after oral and intravenous administration.  Clin Cancer Res. 2000;  6 4186-91.
  • 5 Sandler A, Gordon M, De Alwis D P, Pouliquen I, Green L, Marder P. et al . A Phase I trial of a potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor, zosuquidar trihydrochloride (LY335979), administered intravenously in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced malignancy.  Clin Cancer Res. 2004;  10 3265-72.
  • 6 Martin C, Berridge G, Higgins C F, Mistry P, Charlton P, Callaghan R. Communication between multiple drug binding sites on P-glycoprotein.  Mol Pharmacol. 2000;  58 624-32.
  • 7 Maki N, Hafkemeyer P, Dey S. Allosteric modulation of human P-glycoprotein. Inhibition of transport by preventing substrate translocation and dissociation.  J Biol Chem. 2003;  278 18 132-9.
  • 8 Wang C, Zhang J X, Shen X L, Wan C K, Tse A K, Fong W F. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by alisol B 23-acetate.  Biochem Pharmacol. 2004;  68 843-55.
  • 9 Wan C K, Zhu G Y, Shen X L, Chattopadhyay A, Dey S, Fong W F. Gomisin A alters substrate interaction and reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in HepG2-DR cells.  Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;  72 824-37.
  • 10 Wu J Y, Fong W F, Zhang J X, Leung C H, Kwong H L, Yang M S. et al . Reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer cells by pyranocoumarins isolated from Radix Peucedani.  Eur J Pharmacol. 2003;  473 9-17.
  • 11 Lee I S, Lee H K, Dat N T, Lee M S, Kim J W, Na D S. et al . Lignans with inhibitory activity against NFAT transcription from Schisandra chinensis .  Planta Med. 2003;  69 63-4.
  • 12 Ludescher C, Thaler J, Drach D, Drach J, Spitaler M, Gattringer C. et al . Detection of activity of P-glycoprotein in human tumour samples using rhodamine 123.  Br J Haematol. 1992;  82 161-8.
  • 13 Litman T, Zeuthen T, Skovsgaard T, Stein W D. Competitive, non-competitive and cooperative interactions between substrates of P-glycoprotein as measured by its ATPase activity.  Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997;  1361 169-76.
  • 14 Ramachandra M, Ambudkar S V, Chen D, Hrycyna C A, Dey S, Gottesman M M. et al . Human P-glycoprotein exhibits reduced affinity for substrates during a catalytic transition state.  Biochemistry. 1998;  37 5010-9.
  • 15 Maki N, Moitra K, Silver C, Ghosh P, Chattopadhyay A, Dey S. Modulator-induced interference in functional cross talk between the substrate and the ATP sites of human P-glycoprotein.  Biochemistry. 2006;  45 2739-51.
  • 16 Germann U A, Willingham M C, Pastan I, Gottesman M M. Expression of the human multidrug transporter in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus.  Biochemistry. 1990;  29 2295-303.
  • 17 Dey S, Ramachandra M, Pastan I, Gottesman M M, Ambudkar S V. Evidence for two nonidentical drug-interaction sites in the human P-glycoprotein.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;  94 10 594-9.
  • 18 Howard S M, Theologides A, Sheppard J R. Comparative effects of vindesine, vinblastine, and vincristine on mitotic arrest and hormonal response of L1210 leukemia cells.  Cancer Res. 1980;  40 2695-700.
  • 19 Shapiro A B, Fox K, Lam P, Ling V. Stimulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport by prazosin and progesterone. Evidence for a third drug-binding site.  Eur J Biochem. 1999;  259 841-50.
  • 20 Ambudkar S V, Lelong I H, Zhang J, Cardarelli C O, Gottesman M M, Pastan I. Partial purification and reconstitution of the human multidrug-resistance pump: characterization of the drug-stimulatable ATP hydrolysis.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;  89 8472-6.
  • 21 Orlowski S, Mir L M, Belehradek Jr. J, Garrigos M. Effects of steroids and verapamil on P-glycoprotein ATPase activity: progesterone, desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and verapamil are mutually non-exclusive modulators.  Biochem J. 1996;  317 515-22.
  • 22 Zhou Y, Gottesman M M, Pastan I. The extracellular loop between TM5 and TM6 of P-glycoprotein is required for reactivity with monoclonal antibody UIC2.  Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999;  367 74-80.
  • 23 Mechetner E B, Schott B, Morse B S, Stein W D, Druley T, Davis K A. et al . P-glycoprotein function involves conformational transitions detectable by differential immunoreactivity.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;  94 12 908-13.
  • 24 Urbatsch I L, Sankaran B, Weber J, Senior A E. P-glycoprotein is stably inhibited by vanadate-induced trapping of nucleotide at a single catalytic site.  J Biol Chem. 1995;  270 19 383-90
  • 25 Pan Q, Wang T, Lu Q, Hu X. Schisandrin B - a novel inhibitor of P-glycoprotein.  Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;  335 406-11.
  • 26 Pan Q, Lu Q, Zhang K, Hu X. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lingnans: a class of novel inhibitors of P-glycoprotein.  Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006;  58 99-106.
  • 27 Loo T W, Bartlett M C, Clarke D M. Methanethiosulfonate derivatives of rhodamine and verapamil activate human P-glycoprotein at different sites.  J Biol Chem. 2003;  278 50 136-41.
  • 28 Loo T W, Bartlett M C, Clarke D M. Simultaneous binding of two different drugs in the binding pocket of the human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein.  J Biol Chem. 2003;  278 39 706-10.
  • 29 Lugo M R, Sharom F J. Interaction of LDS-751 and rhodamine 123 with P-glycoprotein: evidence for simultaneous binding of both drugs.  Biochemistry. 2005;  44 14 020-9.

Prof. W.-F. Fong

School of Chinese Medicine

Hong Kong Baptist University

Hong Kong SAR

People’s Republic of China

Phone: +852-3411-2928

Fax: +852-3411-2902.

Email: wffong@hkbu.edu.hk