Zusammenhänge zwischen metabolischem Syndrom, Depression, Stress und körperlicher Aktivität

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen metabolischem Syndrom (MTS) und Depression. Methode Medline-Literaturrecherche. Ergebnisse Das MTS begünstigt die Entwicklung depressiver Störungen und umgekehrt. Beide Erkrankungen sind mit Insulinresistenz, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Adipositas und erhöhtem Herzinfarktrisiko assoziiert. Bewegungsmangel, Überernährung, Adipositas und Stress spielen für die Genese des MTS und möglicherweise auch für die der Depression eine Rolle. Schlussfolgerungen Körperliche Aktivität wirkt sich positiv auf alle Einzelfaktoren des MTS, besonders auf die Insulinresistenz, aus. Körperliche Aktivität hat aber auch antidepressive Effekte. Tierexperimentelle Studien zeigen, dass körperliche Aktivität grundsätzlich von großer Bedeutung für die Gehirngesundheit sein könnte, wobei besonders auf die hippokampale Neuroplastizität hinzuweisen ist.

Abstract

Objective Analysis of coherences between metabolic syndrome (MTS) and depression. Methods Literature research in Medline. Results The metabolic syndrome (MTS) is characterized by the coexistence of (abdominal) obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia while insulin resistance is one pathophysiological key factor. MTS is a risk factor for the development of depressive disorders and vice versa. MTS (usually) and depression (quite often) are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity and increased risk of myocardial infarction. Environmental factors like lack of physical exercise, malnutrition and stress may play an important role in the genesis of both disorders. Conclusions On the one hand, physical activity has positive effects on all elements of MTS, especially insulin resistance, on the other hand, mild antidepressant effects of physical activity have been demonstrated. The results of animal experiments refer to the essential relevance of physical activity concerning „brain health”, specifically with respect to hippocampal neuroplasticity.

Schlüsselwörter

metabolisches Syndrom - Depression - körperliche Aktivität - Stress

Key words

metabolic syndrome - depression - physical activity - stress

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