Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1077719
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Nicht invasive Verfahren zur Fibrosedetektion
Publication History
Publication Date:
09 December 2008 (online)
Kernaussagen
Histologie
-
Die perkutane oder laparoskopische Leberpunktion stellt aktuell noch den Goldstandard zur Bestimmung des Fibrosestadiums bei chronischen Lebererkrankungen dar.
-
Die Nachteile der Leberpunktion sind die Komplikationsrate, die „interobserver variability” und der „sampling error”.
Blutparameter
-
Blutparameter zur Bestimmung einer Leberfibrose werden in indirekte (Leberfunktion, portale Hypertension) und direkte (an der Fibrogenese beteiligte Proteine) Marker unterteilt.
-
Die Blutparameter sind gut geeignet, eine Leberzirrhose zu diagnostizieren bzw. auszuschließen. Für die genaue Differenzierung von mittleren Fibrosestadien sind sie nicht gut geeignet.
Bildgebende Verfahren
-
An bildgebenden Verfahren zur nicht invasiven Fibrosedetektion stehen momentan die transiente Elastografie (Fibroscan) und die MR-Elastografie zur Verfügung.
-
Beide Methoden sind zur Fibrosedetektion gut evaluiert, sind jedoch mit hohen Kosten verbunden und nur in spezialisierten Zentren verfügbar.
-
Die Limitationen der Fibroscan-Untersuchung sind eine Adipositas, Aszites und eine akute Leberschädigung mit Transaminasenanstieg.
Fazit
-
Nicht invasive Verfahren der Fibrosedetektion werden in Zukunft an Bedeutung gewinnen, da sie auch zur Verlaufskontrolle ohne Risiken für den Patienten eingesetzt werden können.
Literatur
- 1 Goodman Z D. Grading and staging systems for inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol. 2007; 47 598-607
- 2 Bedossa P, Dargere D, Paradis V. Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003; 38 1449-1457
- 3 Regev A, Berho M, Jeffers L J. et al . Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002; 97 2614-2618
- 4 Poniachik J, Bernstein D E, Reddy K R. et al . The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996; 43 568-571
- 5 Shaheen A A, Myers R P. Diagnostic accuracy of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the prediction of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: a systematic review. Hepatology. 2007; 46 912-921
- 6 Macias J, Giron-Gonzalez J A, Gonzalez-Serrano M. et al . Prediction of liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients by simple non-invasive indexes. Gut. 2006; 55 409-414
- 7 Forns X, Ampurdanes S, Llovet J M. et al . Identification of chronic hepatitis C patients without hepatic fibrosis by a simple predictive model. Hepatology. 2002; 36 986-992
- 8 Pohl A, Behling C, Oliver D. et al . Serum aminotransferase levels and platelet counts as predictors of degree of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001; 96 3142-3146
- 9 Lackner C, Struber G, Liegl B. et al . Comparison and validation of simple noninvasive tests for prediction of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2005; 41 1376-1382
- 10 Poynard T, Morra R, Halfon P. et al . Meta-analyses of FibroTest diagnostic value in chronic liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2007; 7 40
- 11 Shaheen A A, Wan A F, Myers R P. FibroTest and FibroScan for the prediction of hepatitis C-related fibrosis: a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102 2589-2600
- 12 Halfon P, Imbert-Bismut F, Messous D. et al . A prospective assessment of the inter-laboratory variability of biochemical markers of fibrosis (FibroTest) and activity (ActiTest) in patients with chronic liver disease. Comp Hepatol. 2002; 1 3
- 13 Poynard T, McHutchison J, Manns M. et al . Biochemical surrogate markers of liver fibrosis and activity in a randomized trial of peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin. Hepatology. 2003; 38 481-492
- 14 Manning D S, Afdhal N H. Diagnosis and quantitation of fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2008; 134 1670-1681
- 15 Berg T, Sarrazin C, Herrmann E. et al . Prediction of treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C: significance of baseline parameters and viral dynamics during therapy. Hepatology. 2003; 37 600-609
- 16 Teare J P, Sherman D, Greenfield S M. et al . Comparison of serum procollagen III peptide concentrations and PGA index for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Lancet. 1993; 342 895-898
- 17 Larrousse M, Laguno M, Segarra M. et al . Noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007; 46 304-311
- 18 Kawada M, Chen C C, Arihiro A. et al . Chitinase 3-like-1 enhances bacterial adhesion to colonic epithelial cells through the interaction with bacterial chitin-binding protein. Lab Invest. 2008; 88 883-895
- 19 Kamal S M, Turner B, He Q. et al . Progression of fibrosis in hepatitis C with and without schistosomiasis: correlation with serum markers of fibrosis. Hepatology. 2006; 43 771-779
- 20 Fontana R J, Goodman Z D, Dienstag J L. et al . Relationship of serum fibrosis markers with liver fibrosis stage and collagen content in patients with advanced chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2008; 47 789-798
- 21 Rosenberg W M, Voelker M, Thiel R. et al . Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127 1704-1713
- 22 Friedrich-Rust M, Ong M F, Herrmann E. et al . Real-time elastography for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007; 188 758-764
- 23 Ziol M, Handra-Luca A, Kettaneh A. et al . Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2005; 41 48-54
- 24 Friedrich-Rust M, Ong M F, Martens S. et al . Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2008; 134 960-974
- 25 Fraquelli M, Rigamonti C, Casazza G. et al . Reproducibility of transient elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Gut. 2007; 56 968-973
- 26 Yoneda M, Mawatari H, Fujita K. et al . Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by measurement of stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dig Liver Dis. 2008; 40 371-378
- 27 Rigamonti C, Donato M F, Fraquelli M. et al . Transient elastography predicts fibrosis progression in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Gut. 2008; 57 821-827
- 28 Arena U, Vizzutti F, Abraldes J. et al . Reliability of transient elastography for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gut. 2008; 57 1288-1293
- 29 Roulot D, Czernichow S, Le Clesiau H. et al . Liver stiffness values in apparently healthy subjects: Influence of gender and metabolic syndrome. J Hepatol. 2008; 48 606-613
- 30 Cobbold J F, Taylor-Robinson S D. Liver stiffness values in healthy subjects: Implications for clinical practice. J Hepatol. 2008; 48 529-531
- 31 Sagir A, Erhardt A, Schmitt M. et al . Transient elastography is unreliable for detection of cirrhosis in patients with acute liver damage. Hepatology. 2008; 47 592-595
- 32 Arena U, Vizzutti F, Corti G. et al . Acute viral hepatitis increases liver stiffness values measured by transient elastography. Hepatology. 2008; 47 380-384
- 33 Vizzutti F, Arena U, Romanelli R G. et al . Liver stiffness measurement predicts severe portal hypertension in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007; 45 1290-1297
- 34 Talwalkar J A, Yin M, Fidler J L. et al . Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic fibrosis: emerging clinical applications. Hepatology. 2008; 47 332-342
- 35 Huwart L, Sempoux C, Vicaut E. et al . Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2008; 135 32-40
Hermann Wasmuth
Medizinische Klinik III
Universitätsklinikum Aachen
Pauwelsstraße 30
52057 Aachen
Email: hwasmuth@ukaachen.de