Immunsuppressive Therapie bei Hunden und Katzen. Eigenschaften von Wirkstoffen und ihre Anwendung bei verschiedenen immunvermittelten Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Tierärzte werden regelmäßig mit der Diagnose und Therapie immunvermittelter Erkrankungen konfrontiert. Zu den häufigeren Erkrankungen gehören die immunvermittelte hämolytische Anämie, die immunvermittelte Thrombozytopenie und Polyarthritis. Aufgrund ihrer Verfügbarkeit, Effizienz und schnellen Wirkung sind Glukokortikoide Mittel der ersten Wahl. Einige Patienten mit immunvermittelten Erkrankungen sprechen jedoch nicht auf eine alleinige Therapie mit Glukokortikoiden an. Bei anderen Patienten muss infolge schwerwiegender Nebenwirkungen zeitnah eine Dosisreduktion der Glukokortikoide erfolgen. In solchen Fällen ist die Anwendung ergänzender Medikamente indiziert. Für Ciclosporin gibt es zugelassene Präparate in der Veterinärmedizin. In der Literatur ist auch der Einsatz von Azathioprin, Mycophenolat-Mofetil und humanen Immunglobulinen beschrieben. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Wirkmechanismen einzelner immunmodulierender Substanzen sowie deren in der aktuellen Literatur beschriebenen Einsatz bei ausgewählten Erkrankungen.

Summary

Veterinarians are regularly faced with the diagnosis and therapy of immune-mediated diseases. More frequently occurring immune-mediated diseases are immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, immunemediated thrombocytopenia and polyarthritis. Glucocorticoids are commonly used as first-line treatment because of their availability, efficacy and rapid action. Nevertheless, some patients do not respond to glucocorticoid therapy alone. Others require a rapid dose reduction because of severe side effects from glucocorticoid treatment. These patients benefit from adjuvant therapies. Ciclosporin preparations are licensed for use in veterinary medicine. The use of azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and human immunoglobulin therapy has also been documented. This article describes the mode of action of certain immunosuppressive agents and their use in selected diseases from recent literature.

SchlüsselWörter

Glukokortikoide - Ciclosporin - Azathioprin - immunvermittelte hämolytische Anämie - immunvermittelte Thrombozytopenie

Keywords

Glucocorticoids - ciclosporin - azathioprine - immune-mediated hemolytic anemia - immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

 

Interessenkonflikt

Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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