Effect of pelvic inclination and torsional deformity on canine acetabular morphology with computed tomography

A. Volta; A. Palumbo Piccionello; A. Salvaggio; F. Dini; M. Bonazzi; S. Manfredi; A. M. Tambella; G. Gnudi

doi:10.3415/VCOT-12-10-0125

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Table of Contents

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2013; 26(06): 440-444
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-12-10-0125

Original Research

Schattauer GmbH

Effect of pelvic inclination and torsional deformity on canine acetabular morphology with computed tomography

A phantom study

A. Volta

¹Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy

,

A. Palumbo Piccionello

²Scuola di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Matelica (MC), Italy

,

A. Salvaggio

²Scuola di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Matelica (MC), Italy

,

F. Dini

²Scuola di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Matelica (MC), Italy

,

M. Bonazzi

³Free practitioner, Casa di Cura Veterinaria San Geminiano, Modena, Italy

,

S. Manfredi

¹Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy

,

A. M. Tambella

²Scuola di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Matelica (MC), Italy

,

G. Gnudi

¹Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

Objectives: To evaluate how the inclination and torsional deformity of the hemipelvis using extra-rotation as a model affect acetabular angle (AA) and dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA) assessment with computed tomography (CT).

Methods: A normal canine hemipelvis positioned in dorsal recumbency was scanned with a 16-slice multidetector CT scanner, with different degrees of torsional deformity, using extra-rotation around the long axis (0–5–10–15°) of the hemipelvis. Each degree of extra-rotation was acquired at 0°, +20° and –20° of gantry tilt, to mimic different pelvic inclinations on its transverse axis. Cranial and central individual acetabular angles (IAA) and central DARA were calculated and correlated with inclination and torsional deformity.

Results: A very strong negative correlation was found between cranial and central IAA, pelvic inclination, and torsional deformity. A very strong positive correlation was found between DARA, pelvic inclination, and torsional deformity.

Clinical significance: Pelvic inclination and torsional deformity affect acetabular angles assessment with CT. The greater the inclination (ilia far from the tabletop in dorsal recumbency) and torsional deformity of the pelvis, the worse the acetabulum appeared. A standardized scanning protocol for acetabular morphology assessment is needed and it should consider pelvic inclination. The actual relevance of pelvic torsional deformity is not well known and it should be investigated more thoroughly.

Keywords

Computed tomography - acetabulum - dog

Full Text

References

References
1 Lattanzi R, Baruffaldi F, Zannoni C. et al. Specialised CT scan protocols for 3-D pre-operative planning of total hip replacement. Med Eng Phys 2004; 26: 237-245.
2 Nishii T, Sugano N, Sato Y. et al. Three-dimensional distribution of acetabular cartilage thickness in patients with hip dysplasia: a fully automated computational analysis of MR imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004; 12: 650-657.
3 Nishii T, Tanaka H, Sugano N. et al. Disorders of acetabular labrum and articular cartilage in hip dysplasia: evaluation using isotropic high-resolutional CT arthrography with sequential radial reformation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15: 251-257.
4 Tallroth K, Lepisto J. Computed tomography measurement of acetabular dimensions: normal values for correction of dysplasia. Acta Orthop 2006; 77: 598-602.
5 Lin CJ, Romanus B, Sutherland DH. et al. Three-dimensional characteristics of cartilaginous and bony components of dysplastic hips in children: three-dimensional computed tomography quantitative analysis. J Pediatr Orthop 1997; 17: 152-157.
6 Peterson HA, Klassen RA, McLeod RA. et al. The use of computerised tomography in dislocation of the hip and femoral neck anteversion in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1981; 63: 198-208.
7 Weiner LS, Kelley MA, Ulin RI. et al. Development of the acetabulum and hip: computed tomography analysis of the axial plane. J Pediatr Orthop 1993; 13: 421-425.
8 Farese JP, Todhunter RJ, Lust G. et al. Dorsolateral subluxation of hip joints in dogs measured in a weight-bearing position with radiography and computed tomography. Vet Surg 1998; 27: 393-405.
9 Dueland RT, Adams WM, Fialkowski JP. et al. Effects of pubic symphysiodesis in dysplastic puppies. Vet Surg 2001; 30: 201-217.
10 Fujiki M, Misumi K, Sakamoto H. Laxity of canine hip joint in two positions with computed tomography. J Vet Med Sci 2004; 66: 1003-1006.
11 Ocal MK, Kara ME, Turan E. Computer tomographic measurements of the hip morphology of 10 healthy German sheperd dogs. Vet Rec 2004; 155: 392-395.
12 Fujiki M, Kurima Y, Yamanokuchi K. et al. Computed tomographic evaluation of growth-related changes in the hip joints of young dogs. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68: 730-734.
13 Lopez MJ, Lewis BP, Swaab ME. et al. Relationships among measurements obtained by use of computed tomography and radiography and scores of cartilage microdamage in hip joints with moderate to severe joint laxity of adult dogs. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69: 362-370.
14 Kishimoto M, Yamada K, Pae SH. et al. Quantitative evaluation of hip joint laxity in 22 Border Collies using computed tomography. J Vet Med Sci 2009; 71: 247-250.
15 Ginja MM, Ferriera AJ, Jesus SS. et al. Comparison of clinical, radiographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging methods for early prediction of canine hip laxity and dysplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2009; 50: 135-143.
16 Rose SA, Bruecker KA, Petersen SW. et al. Use of locking plate and screws for triple pelvic osteotomy. Vet Surg 2012; 41: 114-120.
17 Volta A, Gnudi G, Morgan JP. et al. Radiographic features of pelvis and hip joint development of English Bulldogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2010; 23: 19-27.
18 Sienbrock KA, Kalbermatten DF, Ganz R. Effect on pelvic tilt on acetabular retroversion: a study of pelves from cadavers. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003; 407: 241-248.
19 Wang SI, Mathews KG, Robertson ID. et al. The effects of patient positioning and slice selection on canine acetabular angle assessment with computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46: 39-43.
20 Thompson R, Roe SC, Robertson ID. Effects of pelvic positioning and simulated dorsal acetabular rim remodeling on the radiographic shape of the dorsal acetabular edge. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48: 8-13.
21 Genovis JP, Cachon T, Fau D. et al. Canine hip dysplasia radiographic screening. Prevalence of rotation of the pelvis on its long axis in 7,012 conventional hip extended radiographs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 296-298.
22 Giori NJ, Trousdale RT. Acetabular retroversion is associated with osteoarthritis of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003; 417: 263-269.
23 Ezoe M, Naito M, Inoue T. The prevalence of acetabular retroversion among various disorders of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88: 372-379.
24 Perreira AC, Hunter JC, Laird T. et al. Multilevel measurement of acetabular version using 3-D CT-generated models: implications for hip preservation surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469: 552-561.
25 Olsson SE, Kasström H. Etiology and pathogenesis of canine hip dysplasia. Introduction of a new concept. Proceedings of the Canine Hip Dysplasia Symposium and Workshop. 1972. October 19-20 Columbia (MO), USA: 1972: 1-51.
26 Chan YH. Biostatistics 104: Correlational analysis. Singapore Med J 2003; 44: 614-619.