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DOI: 10.1055/a-2755-3785
Paradigmenwechsel in der Behandlung der chronischen Hyperkaliämie zur Optimierung der kardiorenalen Prognose
Paradigm shift in the treatment of chronic hyperkalaemia to optimise cardiorenal patient prognosisAuthors
Zusammenfassung
Die chronische Hyperkaliämie ist eine Elektrolytstörung, die vor allem bei zunehmender Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion beobachtet wird. Sie entwickelt sich meist über einen längeren Zeitraum, und die Symptome sind häufig gering. Da eine chronische Hyperkaliämie mit einer erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert ist, sollte eine chronische Hyperkaliämie behandelt werden. Die Behandlung beginnt mit der Überprüfung der Medikamente, die möglicherweise für die Hyperkaliämie verantwortlich sind, und einer sorgfältigen Therapie und Korrektur des Stoffwechsels. Die Evaluation der Ernährung fokussiert heute auf die Aufnahme von Kalium aus nicht pflanzlichen Kaliumquellen. Von einer Dosisreduktion und/oder dem Absetzen von Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Hemmern sollte abgesehen werden, da diese Medikamente die Prognose bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz und proteinurischer Nierenerkrankung verbessern. Zusätzlich zu anderen konservativen Maßnahmen sollten moderne Kalium-bindende Substanzen eingesetzt werden.
Abstract
Chronic hyperkalemia is an electrolyte imbalance that occurs mainly in patients with progressive kidney failure. It usually develops over a long period of time and symptoms are often mild. As chronic hyperkalemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, it should be treated. Treatment begins with a review of the medications that may be responsible for the hyperkalemia and careful therapy and correction of the metabolism. Dietary assessment now focuses on potassium intake from non-vegetable sources. Reducing the dose and/or discontinuing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors should be discouraged, as these drugs improve the prognosis in patients with heart failure and proteinuric kidney disease. In addition to other conservative measures, specific potassium-binding substances should be used.
Bei Patienten mit chronischer Hyperkaliämie sind die Identifizierung und Behandlung der zugrunde liegenden Ursache von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Bei einer Herzinsuffizienz, Niereninsuffizienz oder auch therapieresistentem Bluthochdruck sollte die RAASi-Exposition maximal tolerabel hochgehalten werden und bei chronischer Hyperkaliämie kaliumsenkende Maßnahmen vor Therapiereduktion eingesetzt werden.
Moderne Kaliumbinder, wie Patiromer und SZC, können langfristigen chronische Hyperkaliämieereignisse verhindern.
Publication History
Article published online:
19 January 2026
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