JAAA CEU Program

The questions refer to Clinard et al, “Eff ects of Stimulus Polarity on Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials,” pages 588–595.

Learner Outcomes

Readers of this article should be able to:

• Understand the eff ects of stimulus polarity on the amplitude modulated cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (AMcVEMP).

• Understand the diff erences between conventional, transient cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and steady-state AMcVEMP.

CEU Questions

1. Current clinical applications of cVEMPs focus on which of the following:

   • onset responses

   • steady-state responses

   • off set responses

2. Which of the following describes how AMcVEMP signalto-noise ratio changes as SCM muscle increases:

   • it increases

   • it plateaus

   • it decreases

3. AMcVEMPs are elicited by which of the following stimuli:

   • clicks

   • chirps

   • amplitude-modulated tones

4. Which of the following was the electromyographic (EMG) target used for sternocleidomastoid muscle activation:

   • 5 μV

   • 50 μV

   • 500 μV

5. AMcVEMPs were obtained from which of the following frequency analyses:

   • Fast Fourier transforms (FFT)

   • Spectrogram

   • Wavelets

6. Stimulus polarity had a signifi cant eff ect on which of the following:

   • Amplitude

   • Noise

   • None of the AMcVEMP analyses

7. What was the eff ect of stimulus polarity on phase coherence?

   • Phase coherence values were consistent across polarity.

   • Phase coherence values were greatest in the condensation condition.

   • Phase coherence values were the smallest in the rarefaction condition.

8. What did previous reports on bone-conducted 500 Hz transient cVEMPs fi nd regarding the eff ects of stimulus polarity?

   • No eff ect, similar to the current study.

   • Signifi cant eff ect on both latency and amplitude, in contrast to the current study.

   • Signifi cant eff ect on amplitude, similar to the current study.

9. What is the mechanism behind AMcVEMPs purported to be?

   • Nonlinear rectifi cation at the level of the otolith hair cells

   • Nonlinear rectifi cation at the level of the outer hair cells

   • Morphological polarization of vestibular hair cells on opposite sides of the striola

10. The findings from the present study suggest which of the following are acceptable for AMcVEMP acquisition:

    • Only rarefaction polarity stimuli

    • Only alternating polarity stimuli

    • Either rarefaction, condensation, or alternating polarity stimuli

Publication History

Article published online:
17 February 2022