Alteration of Adipocyte Metabolism in ω3 Fatty Acid-depleted Rats

Abstract

Presently an insufficient supply of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 fatty acid is prevalent in Western populations leading to potential metabolic consequences. Based on this fact, this study deals mainly with various aspects of lipid metabolism in second generation female ω3-depleted rats. The parametrial fat and body weights were higher in ω3-depleted than control animals. This coincided with liver steatosis but did not alter heart triglyceride/phospholipid ratio. The net uptake of U-¹⁴Cpalmitate by adipocytes was also higher in ω3-depleted rats than in control animals. The uptake of D-U-¹⁴Cglucose or 1,2^-14Cacetate by adipocytes was lower, however in ω3-depleted than control animals and was unaffected by insulin in the former as distinct from latter animals. Despite comparable basal lipolysis, the increase in glycerol output from adipocytes provoked by theophylline was higher in ω3-depleted than control rats. The fatty acid pattern of lipids in adipose tissue was characterized in the ω3-depleted rats by a much lower ω3 content, higher apparent Δ⁹-saturase and elongase activities, lower efficiency for the conversion of C18:2ω6 to C20:4ω6 and higher efficiency for the conversion of C18:3ω3 to C20:5ω3. These features were compared to those prevailing in liver and plasma lipids. The present study thus extends knowledge on the alteration of lipid metabolism resulting from a deficiency in long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 fatty acids.

Key words

Lipogenesis - lipolysis - lipid fatty acid pattern - lipid metabolism - theophylline

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