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Homeopathy 2010; 99(01): 37-50
DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2009.11.003
Original Paper
Copyright © The Faculty of Homeopathy 2009

Animal models for studying homeopathy and high dilutions: Conceptual critical review

Leoni Villano Bonamin
1   Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University Paulista, Brazil
2   Laboratory of Pathology, University of Santo Amaro, Brazil
,
Peter Christian Endler
3   Interuniversity College for Health and Development Graz, Austria
› Author Affiliations
Subject Editor:
Further Information

Publication History

Received24 June 2009
revised26 October 2009

accepted03 November 2009

Publication Date:
16 December 2017 (online)

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Introduction: This is a systematic review of the animal models used in studies of high dilutions. The objectives are to analyze methodological quality of papers and reported results, and to highlight key conceptual aspects of high dilution to suggest clues concerning putative mechanisms of action.

Methods: Papers for inclusion were identified systematically, from the Pubmed-Medline database, using ‘Homeopathy’ and ‘Animal’ as keywords. Only original full papers in English published between January 1999 and June 2009 were included, reviews, scientific reports, thesis, older papers, papers extracted from Medline using similar keywords, papers about mixed commercial formulas and books were also considered for discussion only. 31 papers describing 33 experiments were identified for the main analysis and a total of 89 items cited.

Results: Systematic analysis of the selected papers yielded evidence of some important intrinsic features of high dilution studies performed in animal models: a) methodological quality was generally adequate, some aspects could be improved; b) convergence between results and materia medica is seen in some studies, pointing toward to the possibility of systematic study of the Similia principle c) both isopathic and Similia models seem useful to understand some complex biological phenomena, such as parasite–host interactions; d) the effects of high dilutions seem to stimulate restoration of a ‘stable state’, as seen in several experimental models from both descriptive and mathematical points of view.

Keywords

Systematic review - animal - concepts - methodology - Similia principle - isopathy - steady state
 

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