Eine aktuelle Übersicht über die Einflussfaktoren der Stammzellspender auf das regenerative Potential von Fettgewebsstammzellen

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Nicht nur regenerative Therapie wie zellassistierter Lipotransfer (cell assisted lipotransfer) sondern auch präklinische experimentelle Studien verwenden in der Plastischen Chirurgie Stammzellen aus Fettgewebe, sogenannte Adipose tissue-derived Stem Cells (ASCs). Hierbei haben allerdings vom jeweiligen Stammzellspender abhängige Faktoren einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Zellausbeute und das regenerative Potential von ASCs und der Stromal vascular Fraction (SVF). Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit war es daher, diese Einflussfaktoren des Stammzellspenders darzustellen und anhand des aktuellen Wissenstands zu beurteilen.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine intensive Literaturrecherche in der der National Library of Medicine, mit Fokus auf Einflussfaktoren der Stammzellspender, die eine Beeinflussung der Zellausbeute und des regenerativen Potentials von humanen ASCs und SVF in vorherigen Studien gezeigt haben.

Ergebnisse Aktuell gibt es eine Vielzahl von Studien, welche sich mit den Einflussfaktoren des Stammzellspenders auseinandersetzen. Allerdings sind diese Faktoren sehr inhomogen und teilweise sogar widersprüchlich, so dass hier noch weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht. Dennoch gibt es einige Faktoren, die gemäß der aktuellen Literatur gehäuft untersucht wurden: Alter, Geschlecht, Gewicht, Nebenerkrankungen (z. B. Diabetes, Lipödem) sowie spezielle Medikamente (Antidepressiva, Antihormontherapie) und Chemotherapie.

Schlussfolgerung Wir empfehlen, bei experimentellen und klinischen Arbeiten mit ASCs/SVF eine Charakterisierung des Patientenkollektivs zu veröffentlichen, so dass mögliche Beeinflussungen durch oben genannte Faktoren kommuniziert werden und eine bessere Vergleichbarkeit von Studien ermöglicht wird. Darüber hinaus kann aber auch mit einer präzisen Anamnese und körperlichen Untersuchung vorab ein möglichst homogenes Patientenkollektiv für die Sammlung von Proben für wissenschaftliche Arbeiten konstruiert werden. Auch könnten die Ergebnisse dazu beitragen, den Erfolg zukünftiger ASC-basierter Therapien einzuschätzen.

Abstract

Background Regenerative therapies like cell-assisted lipotransfer or preclinical experimental studies use adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) as the main therapeutic agent. But there are also factors depending on the clinical donor that influence the cell yield and regenerative potential of human ASCs and stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify and evaluate these factors according to current literature.

Methods For this purpose, a systematic literature review was performed with focus on factors affecting the regenerative potential of ASCs and SVF using the National Library of Medicine.

Results Currently, there is an abundance of studies regarding clinical donor factors influencing ASCs properties. But there is some contradiction and need for further investigation. Nevertheless, we identified several recurrent factors: age, sex, weight, diabetes, lipoedema, use of antidepressants, anti-hormonal therapy and chemotherapy.

Conclusion We recommend characterisation of the ASC donor cohort in all publications, regardless of whether they are experimental studies or clinical trials. By these means, donor factors that influence experimental or clinical findings can be made transparent and results are more comparable. Moreover, this knowledge can be used for study design to form a homogenous donor cohort by precise clinical history and physical examination.

Schlüsselwörter

Experimentelle Chirurgie - Tissue Engineering - Fettgewebe - Liposuktion - Stammzellen

Key words

Experimentel surgery - tissue engineering - adipose tissue - liposuction - stem cell

Publication History

Received: 02 May 2020

Accepted: 24 August 2020

Article published online:
08 December 2020

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