Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2009; 30(5): 325-330
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202260
Training & Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Manipulation of Rest Period Length Induces Different Causes of Fatigue in Vertical Jumping

G. Pereira 1 , C. Morse 2 , C. Ugrinowitsch 3 , A. Rodacki 4 , E. Kokubun 1 , N. Fowler 2
  • 1Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
  • 2Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager, United Kingdom
  • 3Department of Sport, USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • 4Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
Further Information

Publication History

accepted after revision July 15, 2008

Publication Date:
28 April 2009 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The aim of this study was to directly compare the causes of fatigue after a short- and a long-rest interval between consecutive stretch-shortening cycle exercises. Eleven healthy males jumped with different resting period lengths (short=6.1±1 s, long=8.6±0.9 s), performing countermovement jumps at 95% of their maximal jump height until they were unable to sustain the target height. After short- and long-rest, the maximal voluntary isometric contraction knee extension torque decreased (−7%; p=0.04), comparing to values obtained before exercise protocols. No change was seen from pre- to post-exercise, for either short- or long-rest, in biceps femoris coactivation (−1%; p=0.95), peak-to-peak amplitude (1%; p=0.95) and duration (−8%; p=0.92) of the compound muscle action potential of the vastus lateralis. Evoked peak twitch torque reduced after both exercise protocols (short=−26%, long=−32%; p=0.003) indicating peripheral fatigue. However, central fatigue occurred only after short-rest evidenced by a reduction in voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle (−14%; p=0.013) measured using the interpolated twitch technique. In conclusion, after stretch-shortening cycle exercise using short rest period length, the cause of fatigue was central and peripheral, while after using long rest period length, the cause of fatigue was peripheral.

Key words

stretch-shortening cycle - neuromuscular parameters - intermittent exercise - twitch interpolation - M-wave

References

  • 1 Avela J, Finni J, Komi PV. Excitability of the soleus reflex arc during intensive stretch-shortening cycle exercise in two power-trained athlete groups.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;  97 486-493
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Behm DG, St-Pierre DM. Effects of fatigue duration and muscle type on voluntary and evoked contractile properties.  J Appl Physiol. 1997;  82 1654-1661
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Bilodeau M. Central fatigue in continuous and intermittent contractions of triceps brachii.  Muscle Nerve. 2006;  34 205-213
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Bobbert MF, Van Soest AJ. Effects of muscle strengthening on vertical jump height: a simulation study.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;  26 1012-1020
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Bongiovanni LG, Hagbarth KE. Tonic vibration reflexes elicited during fatigue from maximal voluntary contractions in man.  J Physiol. 1990;  423 1-14
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Electrical and mechanical failures during sustained and intermittent contractions in humans.  J Appl Physiol. 1985;  58 942-947
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Edwards RHT. Human muscle function and fatigue. In: Porter R, Whelan J, eds. Human muscle fatigue: physiological mechanisms. London: Pitman 1981: 1-18
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 8 Enoka RM, Stuart DG. Neurobiology of muscle fatigue.  J Appl Physiol. 1992;  72 1631-1648
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Fitts RH. Cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue.  Physiol Rev. 1994;  74 49-94
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Gandevia SC. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue.  Physiol Rev. 2001;  81 1725-1789
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Garrandes F, Colson SS, Pensini M, Legros P. Time course of mechanical and neuromuscular characteristics of cyclists and triathletes during a fatiguing exercise.  Int J Sports Med. 2007;  28 148-156
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Gollhofer A, Komi PV, Fujitsuka N, Miyashita M. Fatigue during stretch-shortening cycle exercises. II. Changes in neuromuscular activation patterns of human skeletal muscle.  Int J Sports Med. 1987;  8 ((Suppl 1)) 38-47
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Hagbarth KE, Kunesch EJ, Nordin M, Schmidt R, Wallin EU. Gamma loop contributing to maximal voluntary contractions in man.  J Physiol. 1986;  380 575-591
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Horita T, Komi PV, Nicol C, Kyrolainen H. Stretch shortening cycle fatigue: interactions among joint stiffness, reflex, and muscle mechanical performance in the drop jump.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996;  73 393-403
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Hortobagyi T, Tracy J, Hamilton G, Lambert J. Fatigue effects on muscle excitability.  Int J Sports Med. 1996;  17 409-414
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Kellis E, Baltzopoulos V. The effects of antagonist moment on the resultant knee joint moment during isokinetic testing of the knee extensors.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1997;  76 253-259
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Komi PV. Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle.  J Biomech. 2000;  33 1197-1206
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Kuitunen S, Avela J, Kyrolainen H, Komi PV. Voluntary activation and mechanical performance of human triceps surae muscle after exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle jumping exercise.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;  91 538-544
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Kuitunen S, Avela J, Kyrolainen H, Nicol C, Komi PV. Acute and prolonged reduction in joint stiffness in humans after exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;  88 107-116
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Kuitunen S, Kyrolainen H, Avela J, Komi PV. Leg stiffness modulation during exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercise.  Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;  17 67-75
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Lattier G, Millet GY, Martin A, Martin V. Fatigue and recovery after high-intensity exercise part I: neuromuscular fatigue.  Int J Sports Med. 2004;  25 450-456
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Lepers R, Maffiuletti NA, Rochette L, Brugniaux J, Millet GY. Neuromuscular fatigue during a long-duration cycling exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 2002;  92 1487-1493
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Linthorne NP. Analysis of standing vertical jumps using a force platform.  Am J Phys. 2001;  69 1198-1204
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Loscher WN, Cresswell AG, Thorstensson A. Central fatigue during a long-lasting submaximal contraction of the triceps surae.  Exp Brain Res. 1996;  108 305-314
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Merton PA. Voluntary strength and fatigue.  J Physiol. 1954;  123 553-564
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Metzger JM, Moss RL. Effects of tension and stiffness due to reduced pH in mammalian fast- and slow-twitch skinned skeletal muscle fibres.  J Physiol. 1990;  428 737-750
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Millet GY, Lepers R, Maffiuletti NA, Babault N, Martin V, Lattier G. Alterations of neuromuscular function after an ultramarathon.  J Appl Physiol. 2002;  92 486-492
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 28 Nicol C, Avela J, Komi PV. The stretch-shortening cycle : a model to study naturally occurring neuromuscular fatigue.  Sports Med. 2006;  36 977-999
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Nielsen OB, Paoli F, Overgaard K. Protective effects of lactic acid on force production in rat skeletal muscle.  J Physiol. 2001;  536 161-166
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Overgaard K, Nielsen OB. Activity-induced recovery of excitability in K(+)-depressed rat soleus muscle.  Am J Physiol. 2001;  280 R48-R55
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Pereira G, Almeida AG, Rodacki ALF, Ugrinowitsch C, Fowler NE, Kokubun E. The influence of resting period length on jumping performance.  J Strength Cond Res. 2008;  22 1259-1264
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Reeves ND, Narici MV, Maganaris CN. Effect of resistance training on skeletal muscle-specific force in elderly humans.  J Appl Physiol. 2004;  96 885-892
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Rodacki ALF, Fowler NE, Bennett SJ. Multi-segment coordination: fatigue effects.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;  33 1157-1167
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Skurvydas A, Dudoniene V, Kalvenas A, Zuoza A. Skeletal muscle fatigue in long-distance runners, sprinters and untrained men after repeated drop jumps performed at maximal intensity.  Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2002;  12 34-39
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Skurvydas A, Jascaninas J, Zachovajevas P. Changes in height of jump, maximal voluntary contraction force and low-frequency fatigue after 100 intermittent or continuous jumps with maximal intensity.  Acta Physiol Scand. 2000;  169 55-62
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Strojnik V, Komi PV. Neuromuscular fatigue after maximal stretch-shortening cycle exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1998;  84 344-350
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Strojnik V, Komi PV. Fatigue after submaximal intensive stretch-shortening cycle exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;  32 1314-1319
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli V, Rodacki AL, Batista M, Ricard MD. Influence of training background on jumping height.  J Strength Cond Res. 2007;  21 848-852
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar

Correspondence

Dr. G. Pereira

Department of Physical Education

Sao Paulo State University Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista

13506900 Rio Claro

Brazil

Phone: +55/19/3526 43 07

Fax: +55/19/3534 00 09

Email: gleberp@yahoo.com.br