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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275835
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Diagnostik von Mikrozirkulationsstörungen bei Schockpatienten
Evaluation of microcirculatory disorders in shock patientsPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 17.11.2010
akzeptiert: 17.3.2011
Publikationsdatum:
03. Mai 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die Mikrozirkulation stellt einen maßgeblichen Indikator der Organdurchblutung bei makrozirkulatorischen Schockformen dar. Dabei zeigt die Mikrozirkulationsstörung ein in Abhängigkeit von der vorherrschenden Krankheitsursache typisches Verteilungsmuster: Während beim septischen Schock vorwiegend die kleinen Kapillaren betroffen sind und damit über ein arteriolo-venöses Shunting die Durchblutung der Organe erheblich reduziert ist, findet sich beim kardiogenen Schock eine globale, auf alle Gefäßgebiete verteilte Einschränkung der Mikrozirkulation. Eine differenzierte Erfassung der Mikrozirkulationsstörung unterstützt damit nicht nur die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung eines drohenden Multiorgandysfunktionssyndrom (MODS), sondern erlaubt auch eine genauere Einschätzung des Ausmaßes der hämodynamischen Beeinträchtigung von kritisch kranken Patienten im Schock. Die Sidestream-Dark-Field (SDF)-Technik bietet die Möglichkeit, neben einer Erfassung der Mikrozirkulation auch den Effekt therapeutischer Maßnahmen auf diese semiquantitativ zu analysieren und so neue Therapieverfahren kritisch zu evaluieren. Technische Weiterentwicklungen eröffnen der bettseitigen MIkrozirkulationsmessung neue Anwendungsgebiete bei Diagnostik und Therapiesteuerung in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin, indem die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung eines drohenden MODS unterstützt und eine direkte Therapie- und Prognoseevaluierung anhand des Mikrozirkulationsprofils durchgeführt werden kann.
Abstract
The microcirculatory status depicts an indicator of organ perfusion in hemodynamic shock. Distribution pattern of microcirculatory disturbances reflects the underlying cause of shock: In septic shock, organ perfusion is severely impaired via arteriolo-venous shunting with shutting up small vessel perfusion; however, cardiogenic shock is characterized by a global impairment of microcirculation, involving all vascular beds. Hence, a differentiated evaluation of microcirculatory disturbances not only supports an early diagnosis of an imminent multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), but also allows a more accurate evaluation of severity of hemodynamic compromise in critical care medicine. Bedside sidestream darkfield (SDF) technique offers the opportunity to describe the microcirculatory status quo semiquantitatively and to evaluate the effect of novel therapeutic approaches on microcirculation. Further technical improvements of this technique may open new fields of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in intensive care medicine by supporting an early diagnosing of MODS, evaluating prognosis, and optimizing therapeutic measures .
Schlüsselwörter
Schock - Organversagen - Mirkozirkulation - nichtinvasive Messung
Keywords
shock - organ failure - microcirculation - non-invasive measurement
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Prof. Dr. Dr. Markus Ferrari
Klinik für Innere Medizin 1
Universitätsherzzentrum Thüringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität,
Jena
Erlanger Allee 101
07747 Jena
Telefon: 03641/9324-105
Fax: 03641/9324-102
eMail: markus.ferrari@med.uni-jena.de