Zusammenfassung
Die Mikrozirkulation stellt einen maßgeblichen Indikator
der Organdurchblutung bei makrozirkulatorischen Schockformen dar.
Dabei zeigt die Mikrozirkulationsstörung ein in Abhängigkeit von
der vorherrschenden Krankheitsursache typisches Verteilungsmuster:
Während beim septischen Schock vorwiegend die kleinen Kapillaren
betroffen sind und damit über ein arteriolo-venöses
Shunting die Durchblutung der Organe erheblich reduziert ist, findet
sich beim kardiogenen Schock eine globale, auf alle Gefäßgebiete verteilte
Einschränkung der Mikrozirkulation. Eine differenzierte
Erfassung der Mikrozirkulationsstörung unterstützt
damit nicht nur die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung eines
drohenden Multiorgandysfunktionssyndrom (MODS), sondern erlaubt
auch eine genauere Einschätzung des Ausmaßes der
hämodynamischen Beeinträchtigung von kritisch
kranken Patienten im Schock. Die Sidestream-Dark-Field (SDF)-Technik
bietet die Möglichkeit, neben einer Erfassung der Mikrozirkulation
auch den Effekt therapeutischer Maßnahmen auf diese semiquantitativ
zu analysieren und so neue Therapieverfahren kritisch zu evaluieren.
Technische Weiterentwicklungen eröffnen der bettseitigen
MIkrozirkulationsmessung neue Anwendungsgebiete bei Diagnostik und
Therapiesteuerung in der Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin, indem die
frühzeitige Diagnosestellung eines drohenden MODS unterstützt
und eine direkte Therapie- und Prognoseevaluierung anhand des Mikrozirkulationsprofils
durchgeführt werden kann.
Abstract
The microcirculatory status depicts an indicator of organ perfusion
in hemodynamic shock. Distribution pattern of microcirculatory disturbances
reflects the underlying cause of shock: In septic shock, organ perfusion
is severely impaired via arteriolo-venous shunting with shutting
up small vessel perfusion; however, cardiogenic shock is characterized
by a global impairment of microcirculation, involving all vascular beds.
Hence, a differentiated evaluation of microcirculatory disturbances
not only supports an early diagnosis of an imminent multiorgan dysfunction
syndrome (MODS), but also allows a more accurate evaluation of severity
of hemodynamic compromise in critical care medicine. Bedside sidestream
darkfield (SDF) technique offers the opportunity to describe the
microcirculatory status quo semiquantitatively and to evaluate the
effect of novel therapeutic approaches on microcirculation. Further
technical improvements of this technique may open new fields of
diagnostic and therapeutic applications in intensive care medicine
by supporting an early diagnosing of MODS, evaluating prognosis,
and optimizing therapeutic measures .
Schlüsselwörter
Schock - Organversagen - Mirkozirkulation - nichtinvasive Messung
Keywords
shock - organ failure - microcirculation - non-invasive measurement
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Prof. Dr. Dr. Markus Ferrari
Klinik für Innere Medizin 1
Universitätsherzzentrum Thüringen
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität,
Jena
Erlanger Allee 101
07747 Jena
Telefon: 03641/9324-105
Fax: 03641/9324-102
eMail: markus.ferrari@med.uni-jena.de