The Appropriate Allocation of CEUS in the Diagnostic Algorithm of Liver Lesions: A Debated Issue^[1]

• References

• 1 Albrecht T, Blomley M, Bolondi L et al. Guidelines for the use of contrast agents in ultrasound. Ultraschall in Med 2004; 25: 249-256
• 2 Bruix J, Sherman M . Practice Guidelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005; 42: 1208-1236
• 3 Bruix J, Sherman M , American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: An update. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1020-1022
• 4 Bruix J, Sherman M, Llovet JM et al. Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL conference. European Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol 2001; 35: 421-430
• 5 Bzyl J, Palmowski M, Rix A et al. The high angiogenic activity in very early breast cancer enables reliable imaging with VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles (BR55). Eur Radiol 2012; (in press)
• 6 Claudon M, Cosgrove D, Albrecht T et al. Guidelines and good clinical recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): Update 2008. Ultraschall in Med 2008; 29: 28-44
• 7 Dietrich CF, Averkiou MA, Correas JM et al. An EFSUMB introduction into dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) for quantification of tumour perfusion. Ultraschall in Med 2012; 33: 344-351
• 8 DG5 SonoVue (sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles): Contrast agent for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of the liver: Full guidance. 2012 Available at www.nice.org.uk/dg5
• 9 EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 908-943
• 10 Faccioli N, D’Onofrio M, Comai A et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the characterization of benign focal liver lesions: Activity-based cost analysis. Radiol Med 2007; 112: 810-820
• 11 Hatanaka K, Kudo M, Minami Y et al. Differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors: Value of contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography using the newly developed contrast agent. Sonazoid. Intervirology 2008; 51: 61-69
• 12 Hohmann J, Muller A, Skrok J et al. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases with BR14: A multicenter phase IIA study. Ultrasound Med Biol 2012; 38: 377-382
• 13 Kudo M, Izumi N, Kokudo N et al. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan: Consensus-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines proposed by the Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) 2010 updated version. Dig Dis 2011; 29: 339-364
• 14 Lassau N, Koscielny S, Chami L et al. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Early evaluation of response to bevacizumab therapy at dynamic contrast-enhanced US with quantification: Preliminary results. Radiology 2011; 258: 291-300
• 15 Omata M, Lesmana LA, Tateishi R et al. Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver consensus recommendations on hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2010; 4: 439-474
• 16 Piscaglia F, Leoni S, Cabibbo G et al. Cost analysis of recall strategies for non-invasive diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2010; 42: 729-734
• 17 Romanini L, Passamonti M, Aiani L et al. Economic assessment of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for evaluation of focal liver lesions: A multicentre Italian experience. Eur Radiol 2007; 17: F99-F106
• 18 Sirli R, Sporea I, Martie A et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in focal liver lesions: A cost-efficiency study. Med Ultrason 2010; 12: 280-285
• 19 Strobel D, Seitz K, Blank W et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of focal liver lesions: Diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice (DEGUM multicenter trial). Ultraschall in Med 2008; 29: 499-505
• 20 Tardy I, Pochon S, Theraulaz M et al. Ultrasound molecular imaging of VEGFR2 in a rat prostate tumor model using BR55. Invest Radiol 2010; 45: 573-578
• 21 Tranquart F, Correas JM, Ladam Marcus V et al. Real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of focal liver lesions: Diagnostic efficacy and economical issues from a French multicentric study. J Radiol 2009; 90: 109-122
• 22 Tranquart F, Mercier L, Frinking P et al. Perfusion quantification in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): Ready for research projects and routine clinical use. Ultraschall in Med 2012; 33: S31-S38
• 23 Trillaud H, Bruel JM, Valette PJ et al. Characterization of focal liver lesions with SonoVue-enhanced sonography: International multicenter-study in comparison to CT and MRI. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 3748-3756
• 24 Vilana R, Forner A, Bianchi L et al. Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis patients may display a vascular pattern similar to hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Hepatology 2010; 51: 2020-2029