Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents Thromb Haemost 1995; 74(01): 071-076DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642655 Special Colloquium Natural Inhibitors Of fibrinolysis Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in Plasma: Its Role in Thrombotic Disease Björn Wiman Department of Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Karolinska Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden › Author Affiliations Recommend Article Abstract PDF Download Buy Article PDF (318 kb) References References 1 Loskutoff DJ, van Mourik JA, Erickson LA, Lawrence D. Detection of an unusually stable fibrinolytic inhibitor produced by bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983; 80: 2956-2960 2 Gelehrter TD, Barouski Miller PA, Coleman PL, Cwikel BJ. Hormonal regulation of plasminogen activator in rat hepatoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 1983; 53-54: 11-21 3 Chmielewska J, Ranby M, Wiman B. Evidence for a rapid inhibitor to tissue plasminogen activator in plasma. Thromb Res 1983; 31: 427-436 4 Kruithof EK O, Tran-Thang C, Ransijn A, Bachmann F. Demonstration of a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activators in human plasma. Blood 1984; 64: 907-913 5 Ny T, Sawdey M, Lawrence D, Millan JL, Loskutoff DJ. Cloning and sequence of a cDNA coding for the human beta-migrating endothelial-cell-type plasminogen activator inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 6776-6780 6 Chmielewska J, RAnby M, Wiman B. Kinetics of the inhibition of plasminogen activators by the plasminogen-activator inhibitor. Evidence for “second-site” interactions. Biochem J 1988; 251: 327-332 7 Lindahl TL, Ohlsson PI, Wiman B. The mechanism of the reaction between human plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 and tissue plasminogen activator. Biochem J 1990; 265: 109-113 8 Hekman C, Loskutoff D. Endothelial cells produce a latent inhibitor of plasminogen activators that can be activated by denaturants. J Biol Chem 1985; 260: 11581-11587 9 Lindahl TL, Sigurdardottir O, Wiman B. Stability of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Thromb Haemost 1989; 62: 748-751 10 Mottonen J, Strand A, Symersky J, Sweet RM, Danley DE, Geoghegan KF, Gerard RD, Goldsmith EJ. Structural basis of latency in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Nature 1992; 355: 270-273 11 Declerck PI, De Mol M, Alessi MC, Baudner S, Paques E, Preissner K, Muller-Berghaus G, Collen D. Purification and characterization of a plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 binding protein from human plasma. Identification as a multimeric form of S protein (vitronectin). J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 15454-15461 12 Wiman B, Almquist A, Sigurdardottir O, Lindahl T. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI) is bound to vitronectin in plasma. FEBS Lett 1988; 242: 125-128 13 Seiffert D, Loskutoff D. Evidence that type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor binds to the somatomedin B domain of vitronectin. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 2824-2830 14 Sigurdardottir O, Wiman B. Identification of a PAI-1 binding site in vitronectin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1208: 104-110 15 Loskutoff DJ, Linders M, Keijer J, Veerman H, van Heerikhuizen H, Pannekoek H. Structure of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene: nonrandom distribution of introns. Biochemistry 1987; 26: 3763-3768 16 Strandberg L, Lawrence D, Ny T. The organization of the human- plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 gene. Implications on the evolution of the serine-protease inhibitor family. Eur J Biochem 1988; 176: 609-616 17 van Hinsbergh VW, Kooistra T, van den Berg EA, Princen HM, Fiers W, Emeis II. Tumor necrosis factor increases the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor in human endothelial cells in vitro and in rats in vivo. Blood 1988; 72: 1467-1473 18 van Zonneveld AJ, Curriden SA, Loskutoff DJ. Type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene: functional analysis and glucocorticoid regulation of its promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 5525-5529 19 Klinger KW, Winqvist R, Riccio A, Andreasen PA, Sartorio R, Nielsen LS, Stuart N, Stanislovitis P, Watkins P, Douglas R, Grzeschik KH, Alitalo K, Blasi F, Dano K. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene is located at region q21.3-q22 of chromosome 7 and genetically linked with cystic fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 8548-8552 20 Dawson S, Hamsten A, Wiman B, Henney A, Humphries S. Genetic variation at the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 locus is associated with altered levels of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991; 11: 183-190 21 Dawson SJ, Wiman B, Hamsten A, Green F, Humphries S, Henney AM. The two allele sequences of a common polymorphism in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene respond differently to interleukin-1 in HepG2 cells. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 10739-10745 22 Wiman B, Hamsten A. Impaired fibrinolysis and risk of thromboembolism. Progr Cardiovasc Dis 1991; 34: 179-192 23 Kluft C, Verheijen JH. The Leiden fibrinolysis working party. Blood collection and handling procedures for assessment of tissue- type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Fibrinolysis 1990; 4: 155-161 24 Wiman B, Haegerstrand-Bjorkman M. Plasmin/a2-antiplasmin complex in plasma — a global fibrinolytic assay. Thromb Haemostas 1993; 69: 1091 Abstract no 1958; 25 Colucci M, Paramo JA, Collen D. Generation in plasma of a fastacting inhibitor of plasminogen activator in response to endotoxin stimulation. J Clin Invest 1985; 75: 818-824 26 Emeis JJ, Kooistra T. Interleukin-1 and lipopolysaccharide induce a fast-acting inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator in vivo and in cultured endothelial cells. I Exp Med 1986; 163: 1260-1266 27 Alessi MC, Juhan-Vague I, Kooistra T, Declerck PJ, Collen D. Insulin stimulates the synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 by hepatocellular cell line HepG2. Thromb Haemostas 1988; 60: 491-494 28 Schneider DJ, Sobel BE. Augmentation of synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 by insulin and insulin-like growth factor type- 1: Implications for vascular disease by hyperinsulinemic states. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 9959-9963 29 Stiko-Rahm A, Wiman B, Hamsten A, Nilsson J. Secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells is induced by very low density lipoprotein. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 1067-1073 30 Latron Y, Chautan M, Anfosso F, Alessi MC, Nalbone G, Lafont H, Juhan-Vague I. Stimulating effect of oxidized low density lipoproteins on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 synthesis by endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 1821-1829 31 Tremoli E, Camera M, Madema P, Sironi L, Prati L, Colli S, Piovella F, Bernini F, Corsini A, Mussoni L. Increased synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by cultured human endothelial cells exposed to native and modified LDLs. An LDL receptor- independent phenomenon. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 338-346 32 Mussoni L, Mannucci L, Sirtori M, Camera M, Madema P, Sironi L, Tremoli E. Hypertriglyceridemia and regulation of fibrinolytic activity. Arterioscler Thromb 1992; 12: 19-27 33 Hamsten A, Wiman B. Fibrinolysis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Hemostasis, and Endothelial Function. Francis Jr. RB. (ed). Marcel Dekker, Inc.; New York: 1993. pp. 107-129 34 Caron P, Bennet A, Camare R, Louvet JP, Boneu S, Pie P. Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma in related to testosterone in men. Metabolism 1989; 38: 1010-1015 35 Yang XC, Jing TY, Resnick LM, Phillips GB. Relation of hemostatic risk factors to other risk factors for coronary heart disease and to sex hormones in men. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 167-171 36 Andreotti F, Davies GJ, Hackett DR, Khan MI, de Bart AC, Aber VR, Maseri A, Kluft C. Major circadian fluctuations in fibrinolytic factors and possible relevance to time of onset of myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and stroke. Am J Cardiol 1988; 62: 635-637 37 Grimaudo V, Hauert J, Bachmann F, Kruithof EK O. Diurnal variation of the fibrinolytic system. Thromb Haemostas 1988; 59: 495-499 38 Angelton P, Chandler WL, Schmer G. Diurnal variation of tissue- type plasminogen activator and its rapid inhibition. Circulation 1989; 79: 101-106 39 Hamsten A, Wiman B, de Faire U, Blomback M. Increased plasma levels of a rapid inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator in young survivors of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1557-1563 40 Mehta J, Mehta P, Lawson D, Saldeen T. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor levels in coronary artery disease: correlation with age and serum triglyceride concentrations. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9: 263-268 41 Juhan-Vague I, Vague P, Alessi M, Badier C, Valadier J, Aillaud M, Atlan C. Relationships between plasma insulin triglyceride, body mass index, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Diabetes Metab 1987; 13: 331-336 42 Sundell IB, Dahlgren S, Ranby M, Lundin E, Stenling R, Nilsson TK. Reduction of elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor levels during modest weight loss. Fibrinolysis 1989; 3: 51-53 43 Andersen P, Smith P, Seljeflot I, Brataker S, Amesen H. Effects of gemfibrozil on lipids and haemostasis after myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemostas 1990; 63: 174-177 44 Mehrabian M, Peter JB, Barnard RJ, Lusis AJ. Dietary regulation of fibrinolytic factors. Atherosclerosis 1990; 84: 25-32 45 Juhan-Vague I, Thompson SG, Jespersen J. On behalf of the ECAT angina pectoris study group. Involvement of the hemostatic system in the insulin resistance syndrome, a study of 15,000 patients with angina pectoris. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 1865-1873 46 Juhan-Vague I, Alessi MC, Vague P. Increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels. A possible link between insulin resistance and atherothrombosis. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 457-462 47 Folsom AR, Qamhieh HT, Wing RR, Jeffery RW, Stinson VL, Kuller LH, Wu KK. Impact of weight loss on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), factor VII and other hemostatic factors in moderately overweight adults. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 162-169 48 Angles Cano E, Gris JC, Loyau S, Schved JF. Familial association of high levels of histidine-rich glycoprotein and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with venous thromboembolism. J Lab Clin Med 1993; 121: 646-653 49 Erickson LA, Fici GJ, Lund JE, Boyle TP, Polites HG, Marotti KR. Development of venous occlusions in mice transgenic for the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene. Nature 1990; 346: 74-76 50 Carmeliet P, Schoonjans L, Kieckens L, Ream B, Degen J, Bronson R, De-Vos R, van-den-Oord JJ, Collen D, Mulligan RC. Physiological consequences of loss of plasminogen activator gene function in mice. Nature 1994; 368: 419-424 51 Paramo JA, Alfaro MJ, Rocha E. Postoperative changes in the plasmatic levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator and its fastacting inhibitor — Relationship to deep vein thrombosis and influence of prophylaxis. Thromb Haemost 1985; 54: 713-716 52 Eriksson B, Eriksson E, Gyzander E, Teger-Nilsson AC, Thorsen S, Risberg B. Thrombosis after hip replacement, relationship to the fibrinolytic system. Acta Orthop Scand 1989; 60: 159-163 53 Mellbring G, Dahlgren S, Reiz S, Wiman B. Fibrinolytic activity in plasma and deep vein thrombosis after major abdominal surgery. Thromb Res 1983; 32: 575-584 54 Meade TW, Ruddock V, Stirling Y, Chakrabarti R, Miller GJ. Fibrinolytic activity, clotting factors, and long-term incidence of ischaemic heart disease in the Northwick Park Heart Study. Lancet 1993; 342: 1076-1079 55 Oseroff A, Krishnamurti C, Hassett A, Tang D, Alving B. Plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor activities in men with coronary artery disease. J Lab Clin Med 1989; 113: 88-93 56 Vandekerckhove Y, Baele G, de Puydt H, Weyne A, Clement D. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator levels in patients with coronary heart disease. Thromb Res 1988; 50: 449-453 57 Aznar J, Estelles A, Torino G, Sapena P, Tormo V, Blanch S, Espana F. Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and other fibrinolytic variables in patients with coronary artery disease. Br Heart J 1988; 59: 535-541 58 Hamsten A, de Faire U, Walldius G, Dahlen G, Szamosi A, Landou C, Blomback M, Wiman B. Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma: risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction. Lancet 1987; 2: 3-9 59 Gram J, Jespersen J, Kluft C, Rijken DC. On the usefulness of fibrinolysis variables in the characterization of a risk group for myocardial reinfarction. Acta Med Stand 1987; 221: 149-153 60 Munkvad S, Gram J, Jespersen J. A depression of active tissue plasminogen activator in plasma characterizes patients with unstable angina pectoris who develop myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1990; 11: 525-528 61 Jansson JH, Nilsson TK, Olofsson BO. Tissue plasminogen activator and other risk factors as predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with severe angina pectoris. Eur Heart J 1991; 12: 157-161 62 Jansson JH, Olofsson BO, Nilsson TK. Predictive value of tissue plasminogen activator mass concentration on long-term mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. A 7-year follow-up. Circulation 1993; 88: 2030-2034 63 Ridker PM, Vaughan PE, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Hennehens CH. Endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and risk of myocardial infarction. Lancet 1993; 341: 1165-1168 64 Cortellaro M, Cofrancesco E, Boscheti C, Mussoni L, Donati MB, Cardillo M, Catalano M, Gabrielli L, Lombardi B, Specchia G, Tavazzi L, Tremoli E, Pozzoli E, Turri M. for the PLAT group. Increased fibrin turnover and high PAI-1 activity as predictors of ischemic events in artherosclerotic patients - a case-control study. Arterioscler Thromb 1993; 13: 1412-1417 65 Hamsten A, Eriksson P. Fibrinolysis and atherosclerosis: an update. Fibrinolysis 1994; 8 (Suppl. 01) 253-262