Nichttraumatisches akutes Abdomen: Ultraschalldiagnostik der Erkrankungen des Gastro-Intestinaltraktes

Zusammenfassung

Der Ultraschall des Abdomens ist bei akuten Bauchschmerzen eine Untersuchungsmethode der ersten Wahl. Ohne Strahlenbelastung, einfach durchführbar, nicht kostenintensiv und realisierbar am Patientenbett hat er außerdem den Vorteil, durch den direkten Patientenkontakt gezielt die schmerzhafte Region zu untersuchen. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten des Ultraschalls sind groß. Es gibt jedoch auch Grenzen der Anwendbarkeit, deren Kenntnis von Bedeutung ist, um Fehldiagnosen zu vermeiden und sich nicht in falscher Sicherheit zu wähnen. Das Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist das Vorstellen und die Diskussion der echographischen Untersuchung bei akuten nichttraumatischen Abdomenschmerzen mit Ursachen im Zusammenhang mit Magen-Darmerkrankungen.

Abstract

Amongst all imaging procedures available for the exploration of an acute non traumatic abdomen, ultrasound comprises the first line technology. Non ionising, easily accessible, cheap and usable at the bedside, this imaging technique also has the advantage of close contact with the patient, which may help to focus the exploration on painful regions. Moreover, ultrasound has not only diagnostic capabilities, but also therapeutic ones. Nevertheless, sonography has limitations, which have to be known in order to avoid misdiagnosis or inadequate reassurance. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the most recent opinions about ultrasound diagnosis of acute non-traumatic abdomen related to digestive system diseases.

Schlüsselwörter

Akutes Abdomen - Bauchschmerzen - Magen-Darmerkrankungen - Notfall - Ultraschall

Key words

Abdomen, Acute - Abdominal Pain - Emergencies - Digestive System Diseases - Ultrasonography

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