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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-40037
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Endoskopische Drainage der Gallengänge im Management des Pankreaskarzinoms
Endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with pancreatic cancerPublication History
Publication Date:
18 June 2003 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/zblchir/200305/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2003-40037-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Obstruktionsbedingte Cholestase ist eine häufige klinische Manifestation bei Patienten mit Pankreaskarzinom. 52 % der Patienten mit einem potenziell resektablen Tumor klagen über einen schmerzlosen Ikterus als das erste Symptom. Bei Patienten mit operablem Pankreaskarzinom wird häufig präoperativ eine endoskopische Ableitung der Gallengangsobstruktion vorgenommen, deren positiver Effekt durch Studien allerdings nicht belegt ist. Morbidität (53 %) und Mortalität (15 %) sind für Patienten, die ohne vorherige Drainage operiert werden, nicht signifikant verschieden im Vergleich zu Patienten, die erst nach erfolgreicher endoskopischer Drainage chirurgisch behandelt werden (Morbidität 41 %; Mortalität 15 %). Für Patienten mit inoperablem Pankreaskarzinom und dadurch bedingter obstruktiver Cholestase ist die interventionelle Endoskopie mit transpapillärer Ableitung der Gallenwege die Therapie der Wahl, wenn nicht aus anderen Gründen (z. B. Magenausgangsstenose) operiert werden muss. Faktoren, wie die zu erwartende Lebensdauer und Aspekte der Lebensqualität, beeinflussen die Entscheidung, ob die Implantation von Metallgitterstents oder von Plastikstents vorgenommen werden soll. Metallgitterstents sind bei Patienten mit einer Lebenserwartung von mehr als sechs Monaten zu bevorzugen. Plastikstents sind in dreimonatigem Abstand zu wechseln, um Okklusionen und Cholangitiden vorzubeugen. Nach sechs Monaten sind nahezu 70 % der Patienten mit geplantem Wechsel der Plastikstents symptomfrei, dagegen nur 40 % der Patienten mit nur bedarfsweisem Stentwechsel. Das Vorgehen mit planmäßigem Wechsel der Plastikstents führt zu einer identischen Stentoffenheitsrate im Vergleich zu Metallgitterstents.
Abstract
Obstructive jaundice is a common clincical sign in patients with pancreatic cancer. 52 % of all patients with a potentially resectable pancreatic cancer suffer from painless obstructive jaundice. There are no prospective studies showing a beneficial effect of preoperative drainage in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Morbidity (53 %) and mortality (15 %) in patients without preoperative biliary drainage are not significantly different from those who had endoscopic drainage preoperatively (morbidity 41 %; mortality 15 %). However, there are some logistic reasons for preoperative drainage, especially if surgery is delayed. In cases of nonresectable pancreatic cancer endoscopic drainage for palliation of obstructive jaundice is the method of choice. The decision between metallic and plastic stents for palliation is based on expected survival time and quality of life. Implantation of metal stents is the method of choice in patients with life expectancy exceeding six months. Scheduled three months exchange of plastic stents is recommended to avoid complications. After a six months interval about 70 % of patients with scheduled exchange are without symptoms, compared to about 40 % of patients who had exchange of plastic stents on demand. Scheduled three months exchange of plastic stents leeds to a patency rate of plastic stents comparable to those of metallic stents.
Schlüsselwörter
Pankreastumor - extrahepatische Cholestase - endoskopisch retrograde Cholangiopancreatiographie - Metallgitterstents - Plastikstents - Palliativtherapie - Ikterus
Key words
Pancreatic neoplasms - bile duct obstruction - extrahepatic cholangiopancreatography - endoscopic retrograde - metals - plastics - stents - palliative care - jaundice
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Dr. med. Stefan Kahl
Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie · Otto-von-Guericke- Universität Magdeburg
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