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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-42164
Prädiktive Faktoren einer erfolgreichen beruflichen Wiedereingliederung von schizophrenen Patienten
Predictive Factors of Successful Vocational Re-Integration in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia Diese Studie wurde unterstützt vom Schweizerischen Nationalfond, Gesuchs-Nr. 3200-028795Publication History
Publication Date:
11 September 2003 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Anliegen: Selbst mithilfe umfassender Wiedereingliederungsprogramme bleibt die berufliche Rehabilitation von Patienten mit chronischer Schizophrenie ein sehr hoch gestecktes Ziel. Ein vertieftes und dem heutigen Stand entsprechendes Wissen über die prädiktiven Faktoren einer erfolgreichen Wiedereingliederung ist deshalb unabdingbar. Anliegen der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, unter Minimierung des Einflusses der verwendeten Instrumente, Faktoren zu ermitteln, die den Wiedereingliederungserfolg am besten voraussagen können. Methode: In einer Stichprobe von 76 Patienten mit chronischer Schizophrenie wurden mittels einer Faktorenanalyse aus 32 Variablen 10 für das Funktionieren am Arbeitsplatz relevante Faktoren ermittelt. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde der prädiktive Wert dieser Faktoren für den Wiedereingliederungserfolg mittels logistischer Regression ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Erfolgreich waren diejenigen Teilnehmenden, die vor und während der zweiwöchigen Abklärungsphase ein gutes Arbeitsverhalten zeigten, keine Defizite im Sozialverhalten und keine depressiv-resignativen Bewältigungsstrategien aufwiesen. Krankheitssymptome und neurokognitive Defizite waren dagegen von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Resultate unseres faktoranalytischen Ansatzes bestätigen frühere Ergebnisse, dass das Arbeitsverhalten in einem geschützten Rahmen sowie soziale Kompetenz die besten Prädiktoren einer erfolgreichen beruflichen Wiedereingliederung sind. Zudem bekräftigen sie die Notwendigkeit, Therapieprogramme zu entwickeln, die Zuversicht und Selbstvertrauen der Patienten fördern.
Abstract
Objective: Vocational re-integration of patients with chronic schizophrenia remains even with the help of comprehensive integration programs a very ambitious aim. Therefore, a profound and up-to-date knowledge of vocational outcome predictors is imperative. The objective of the present study was, while minimizing the influence of the instruments used, to generate factors, which predict best the re-integration outcome. Method: In a sample of 76 chronic schizophrenia patients ten relevant factors were derived from a factor analysis including 32 variables. In a second step the predictive value of these ten factors centering on vocational outcome were tested by logistic regression analysis. Results: Participants who had a successful outcome showed a good vocational capacity before and during the two-week assessment phase, had no social deficits and no depressive-resignative coping strategies. Schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits, however, were of minor relevance. Conclusions: The results of our factor-analytic approach confirm earlier findings that vocational functioning observed in a sheltered setting and social competence are the best predictors for successful vocational rehabilitation. Moreover, they serve to substantiate the necessity of developing therapeutic programs that enhance patients' hopefulness and self-confidence.
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PD Dr. med. Holger Hoffmann
Abteilung Sektorisierte Gemeindepsychiatrie · Universitätsklinik für Sozial- und Gemeindepsychiatrie Bern
Laupenstraße 49
Postfach 52
3000 Bern 10 · Schweiz
Email: hoffmann@spk.unibe.ch