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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-44800
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Chirurgische Therapie hilärer Gallengangskarzinome (Klatskin-Tumoren)
Surgical Treatment for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin-tumor)Publication History
Publication Date:
11 December 2003 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die chirurgische Therapie der hilären Gallengangskarzinome ist schwierig. Die Schwierigkeit besteht in der nur unzureichenden Einschätzung der Tumorausdehnung. Die gilt sowohl für die präoperative Diagnostik, als auch für die intraoperative Exploration. Eine radikale Resektion der Leberhilustumore mit dem Ziel einer R0-Situation bietet die einzige Chance für ein Langzeitüberleben. Die Wahl des chirurgischen Vorgehens ist wegen der Komplexität der Tumorlokalisation zu den Nachbarstrukturen weniger standardisiert. Eine komplette Resektion des Tumors erfordert meist eine ausgedehnte Leberresektion. Aber auch mit einem limitierten Vorgehen wie der Hepatikusgabelresektion sind kurative Resektionen in Einzelfällen mit Langzeitüberleben möglich. Die Übertragung der onkologischen Prinzipien der Viszeralchirurgie mit En-bloc-Resektion und No-touch-Technik auf die hilären Gallengangskarzinome mit einer kombinierten Hepatektomie, Multiviszeralresektion und nachfolgender Lebertransplantation sind attraktive Konzepte mit kalkulierbarer Morbidität und Mortalität. Jedoch die hohe Gefahr eines Tumorrezidivs unter Dauerimmunsuppression, der Mangel an Spenderorganen und die sehr guten Ergebnisse der Lebertransplantation bei Nicht-Malignom-Indikationen rechtfertigen dieses Verfahren zurzeit nicht. Die durch Cholestase und Cholangitis vorgeschädigte Leber ist Ursache für septische Komplikationen. Eine adjuvante Radiochemotherapie ist im Wert nicht belegt. Bei Patienten mit irresektablem Tumor oder Fernmetastasen haben palliative Maßnahmen das Ziel der Wiederherstellung des Galleabflusses mit vorzugsweiser interventioneller endoskopischer Stenteinlage. Eine zusätzliche Radio- oder photodynamische Therapie kann in Einzelfällen erwogen werden und Vorteile im Sinne einer Palliation bieten.
Abstract:
Surgical treatment of hilar bile duct carcinoma remains difficult, which is due to the inadequate possibilities in assessing tumor extent during the preoperative diagnostic procedure as well as intraoperatively. Radical resection with negative histologic margins offers the best chance for long-term survival. The decision regarding the appropriate surgical approach is challenging due to the complexity of tumor localization and neighboring vascular structures. Aggressive resection demands extended liver resection, which is associated with the risk of postoperative liver failure. However, even limited surgery such as hilar resection can be curative and leads to long-term survival in individual cases. The principles of surgical oncology have led to more aggressive procedures, including the combination of liver transplantation and multivisceral resection, and can be performed with calculable morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the high risk of tumor recurrence under long-term immunosuppression, the limited availability of donor organs and the excellent results of liver transplantation in non-malignant diseases do not justify this procedure at present. Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy has failed to demonstrate major benefit. In patients with irresectable tumor or distant metastases palliative measures are aimed at restoring an unobstructed bile flow with endoscopic placement of metal stents. Palliative treatment with additional radio- or photodynamic therapy may be considered in individual cases.
Schlüsselwörter
Hiläre Gallengangskarzinome - Klatskin-Tumore - Einteilung - Therapie - Prognosefaktoren - Ergebnisse
Key words
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma - Klatskin tumor - surgery - prognosis - long-term survival
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Dr. med. T. Becker
Klinik für Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1
30625 Hannover
Phone: 05 11-5 32-65 34
Fax: 05 11-5 32-40 10
Email: Becker.Thomas@mh-hannover.de