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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834784
Suizide hinter Gittern im internationalen Vergleich
Suicide Behind Bars - An International ReviewPublication History
Publication Date:
03 January 2006 (online)
Zusammenfassung
International wird ein Anstieg psychisch kranker Insassen in Haftanstalten verzeichnet. Eine Folge davon scheint der ebenfalls international zu beobachtende Anstieg von Suiziden und Suizidraten in Haftanstalten zu sein. Ebenso wie die psychiatrische Fachwelt haben heute die Justizbehörden das Problem wahrgenommen, es besteht aber ein Mangel an Fachwissen zur Risikosituation und Risikoeinschätzung von Insassen und zu sinnvollen Präventionsmöglichkeiten. Dieser Literaturüberblick beschreibt den aktuellen Stand der Forschung. Es wird ein Vergleich der internationalen Suizidraten in Haftanstalten angestellt und über heute bekannte bzw. umstrittene Risikofaktoren und Präventionsmöglichkeiten informiert. Schließlich werden offene Fragen und Problemstellungen in der Forschung auf diesem Gebiet benannt.
Abstract
Objective: International surveys found an increase of mentally disordered individuals in correctional institutions. As a consequence, suicides and suicide rates in jails and prisons are increasing. Mental health services and criminal justice authorities have identified this problem, but there is a lack of knowledge concerning risk factors for inmate suicides and practicable prevention. Method: A literature research was conducted through „medline” searching for studies addressing the problem of jail and/or prison suicide. Subsequently, results of relevant surveys were compared and depicted in several tables. Results: Suicide rates in correctional facilities significantly exceed those in the general male population. Suicide rates in custody have been increasing within the last decades. Pre-trial prisoners have the highest suicide risk within the total prison population. Long-term sentences, single-cell use, mental illness, substance abuse and a history of suicidality are associated with an increased suicide risk. Discussion: The impact of suicide prevention strategies and future directions of research in this high-risk setting are highlighted.
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Prof. Dr. Stefan Frühwald
Psychosozialer Dienst der Caritas St. Pölten
Dr. Karl Renner Promenade 12
3100 St. Pölten · Österreich
Email: psd.fruehwald@stpoelten.caritas.at