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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963023
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Vascularisation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules: CD US Evaluation
Vaskularisierung von benignen und malignen Schilddrüsenknoten: Farbdoppler-Ultraschall-UntersuchungPublication History
received: 1.12.2006
accepted: 22.1.2007
Publication Date:
09 May 2007 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: requenzmodulierter Doppler-Ultraschall (DUS) hat den Nachweis von Blutfluss in Schilddrüsentumoren ermöglicht. Seine Rolle bei der Beurteilung von Schilddrüsenknoten hinsichtlich Malignität ist aber noch nicht genau definiert worden. Material und Methoden: DUS- und Spektralparameter wurden in 50 benignen und 20 malignen Schilddrüsenknoten analysiert. Folgende Vaskularisationsmuster konnten identifiziert werden: Muster 0 - kein erkennbarer Fluss; Muster 1 - minimaler zentraler Fluss ohne peripheren Ring; Muster 2 - peripherer ringförmiger Fluss ohne oder mit minimalem zentralen Fluss; Muster 3 - peripherer ringförmiger Fluss und geringer bis mäßig ausgeprägter Fluss innerhalb des Knotens; Muster 4 - ausgeprägter zentraler Fluss mit oder ohne peripheren Ring. Spitzenflussgeschwindigkeit (PSV) und enddiastolische Geschwindigkeit (EDV) wurden bestimmt und der Widerstandsindex (RI) ausgerechnet. Ergebnisse:Signifikant mehr gutartige Knoten zeigten Vaskularisationsmuster 1, 2 und 3. Signifikant mehr bösartige Knoten zeigten Vaskularisationsmuster 3 und 4 und nur Muster 4. EDV war signifikant niedriger in malignen als in benignen Knoten (6,06 ± 4 cm/s vs. 13,01 ± 8,74 cm/s). RI war signifikant höher in malignen als in benignen Schilddrüsenknoten (0,75 ± 0,08 vs. 0,56 ± 0,09). Für RI ≥ 0,70 wurden 80 % Sensitivität, 92 % Spezifität, 80 % positiver Vorhersagewert, 92 % negativer Vorhersagewert und 88,6 % Genauigkeit berechnet, um maligne Schilddrüsenknoten zu charakterisieren. Schlussfolgerung: Wir glauben, dass Flussnachweis innerhalb des Knotens ohne oder mit minimalem peripheren Fluss im DUS sowie ein RI ≥ 0,70 relativ verlässlich zur Unterscheidung zwischen malignen und benignen Schilddrüsenknoten herangezogen werden können. Knoten mit vorherrschender peripherer Vaskularisation und minimalem oder keinem zentralen Fluss und ein RI unter 0,70 sind wahrscheinlich gutartig.
Abstract
Purpose: Frequency encoded Doppler ultrasound (DUS) imaging has allowed identification of flow in thyroid tumours, but its role in evaluation of thyroid nodules for malignancy has not been accurately defined. We wanted to investigate the possible role of DUS in differentiation of benign and malignant nodules.Materials and Methods: DUS and spectral parameters were analysed in 50 benign and 20 malignant thyroid nodules. The following patterns of vascularity were identified: pattern 0 - no visible flow; pattern 1 - minimal internal flow without a peripheral ring; pattern 2 - peripheral ring of flow but minimal or no internal flow; pattern 3 - peripheral ring of flow and a small-to moderate amount of internal flow; pattern 4 - extensive internal flow with or without a peripheral ring. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) was measured and resistance index (RI) was calculated. Results: Significantly more benign nodules had vascularisation patterns 1.2 and 3. Significantly more malignant nodules had vascularisation patterns 3 and 4, and only pattern 4. EDV was significantly lower in malignant than in benign nodules (6.06 ± 4 cm/sec vs. 13.01 ± 8.74 cm/sec). RI was significantly higher in malignant than in benign thyroid nodules (0.75 ± 0.08 vs. 0.56 ± 0.09). For RI ≥ 0.70: 80 % sensitivity, 92 % specificity, 80 % positive predictive value, 92 % negative predictive value, and 88.6 % accuracy, were calculated in characterising malignant thyroid nodules. Conclusion: We believe that internal flow without or with minimal peripheral flow on DUS and RI ≥ 0.70 can be used to distinguish between malignant and benign thyroid nodules fairly reliably. Nodules with prevailing peripheral vascularisation and minimal or no internal vascularisation, and RI below 0.70 are probably benign.
Key words
thyroid - nodule - frequency encoded Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) - resistance index (RI) - vascularisation
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Dr. Gordana Ivanac
Radiology Department, University Hospital Dubrava
A.G. Suska 6
10000 Zagreb
Phone: ++3 84/1/2 90 32 55
Fax: ++3 84/1/2 90 32 55
Email: gordana.augustan@zg.t-com.hr