Synopsis of Traumatic Lesions of the Cranio-cervical Junction

Abstract

The craniovertebral junction is subject to dislocation, subluxation and instability. Atlanto axial dislocation resulting from trauma is usually fatal owing to transection of the spinomedullary junction. Occipital condyle fracture (OCF) is a rarely encountered pathology not easily diagnosed by routine clinical and radiological evaluation. In upper cervical trauma, axis is involved in 25% of cases and atlas in 3–13% of cases. Serious injury to upper cervical spine resulting in spinal column structural damage or injury to the spinal cord with its sequelae may be devastating with respect to long term disability. The study of cervical spine injury has evolved dramatically during the past several decades. A greater understanding of the anatomic and mechanical considerations has enabled a more accurate classification of these injuries. Refinements in the medical and surgical treatment have significantly improved both short term and long term outcome in craniovertebral junction trauma patients.

Keywords

craniovertebral junction - trauma - occipital condyle - atlas - axis

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