Morbidität durch Hitze – eine Analyse der Krankenhauseinweisungen per Rettungseinsatz während einer Hitzewelle 2015 in Frankfurt/Main

Zusammenfassung

Hitzewellen gewinnen durch den Klimawandel an Bedeutung. Sie verursachen gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen und führen zu einer Zunahme der Sterblichkeit. Der Vergleich verschiedener Untersuchungen gestaltet sich schwierig, da es erhebliche Unterschiede gibt z. B. in der Definition einer Hitzewelle oder zwischen den untersuchten Bevölkerungsgruppen. In der hier vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Morbiditätsdaten erhoben durch Daten des web-basierten IVENA Systems (Interdisziplinärer Versorgungsnachweis). Dieses registriert Krankenhauseinweisungen mit Angabe der Einweisungsdiagnose per Rettungsdiensteinsatz. Analysiert wurden die Einweisungen im Stadtgebiet Frankfurt am Main in den Monaten Juni-August 2014–2016. Dieser Zeitraum beinhaltet eine Hitzewelle im Juli 2015 (>32°C für wenigstens 5 Tage in Folge). Es zeigte sich an den Hitzewelle-Tagen eine Zunahme der Krankenhauseinweisungen (sog. Exzess Morbidität) von 22%. Bei Betrachtung der „Hitze-assoziierten Erkrankungen“ (Exsikkose, Synkope, unklares Fieber, Hitzeerschöpfung) zeigte sich eine Zunahme von über 200%. Auch außerhalb der Hitzewelle war eine Korrelation zwischen Einweisungen und Temperatur nachweisbar. Die Akuteinweisungen per Rettungsdiensteinsatz scheinen ein valider Parameter zur Darstellung der Morbiditätssteigerung an Hitzetagen zu sein.

Abstract

Heatwaves are gaining in importance due to increasing climatic changes. They can impair health and increase mortality. A comparison of studies is difficult because of differences in the definition of a heatwave used and/or different populations studied. In this study, morbidity data were collected using the web-based IVENA system. This system registers hospital admissions with diagnosis by the emergency medical services. We analysed hospital admissions in Frankfurt/Main during June–August of 2014–2016. These periods included a heatwave in July 2015 (per definition>32°C for at least 5 days/more than 4 days). On days with “heatwave”, there was a 22% increase in hospital admissions of patients brought in by the emergency services (excess morbidity). Considering only “heat-related diagnosis”, the increase was 200%. In addition to the increase in hospital admissions on “heatwave” days, there was also a direct correlation between temperature and hospital admissions over the summer days. Using the data on hospital admission of patients brought in by the emergency services turned out to be a valid marker for “heat morbidity”.

Schlüsselwörter

Hitze - Hitzewelle - Morbidität - Krankenhauseinweisungen - IVENA

Key words

Heat - Heatwave - morbidity - IVENA - hospital admissions

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