Gesundheitswesen 2018; 80(04): 353-359
DOI: 10.1055/a-0586-8255
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Morbidität durch Hitze – eine Analyse der Krankenhauseinweisungen per Rettungseinsatz während einer Hitzewelle 2015 in Frankfurt/Main

Health Impact of the Heatwave of 2015: Hospital Admissions in Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Katrin Simone Steul
1   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main
,
Leo Latasch
1   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main
,
Hans-Georg Jung
1   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main
,
Ursel Heudorf
1   Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 April 2018 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Hitzewellen gewinnen durch den Klimawandel an Bedeutung. Sie verursachen gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen und führen zu einer Zunahme der Sterblichkeit. Der Vergleich verschiedener Untersuchungen gestaltet sich schwierig, da es erhebliche Unterschiede gibt z. B. in der Definition einer Hitzewelle oder zwischen den untersuchten Bevölkerungsgruppen. In der hier vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden die Morbiditätsdaten erhoben durch Daten des web-basierten IVENA Systems (Interdisziplinärer Versorgungsnachweis). Dieses registriert Krankenhauseinweisungen mit Angabe der Einweisungsdiagnose per Rettungsdiensteinsatz. Analysiert wurden die Einweisungen im Stadtgebiet Frankfurt am Main in den Monaten Juni-August 2014–2016. Dieser Zeitraum beinhaltet eine Hitzewelle im Juli 2015 (>32°C für wenigstens 5 Tage in Folge). Es zeigte sich an den Hitzewelle-Tagen eine Zunahme der Krankenhauseinweisungen (sog. Exzess Morbidität) von 22%. Bei Betrachtung der „Hitze-assoziierten Erkrankungen“ (Exsikkose, Synkope, unklares Fieber, Hitzeerschöpfung) zeigte sich eine Zunahme von über 200%. Auch außerhalb der Hitzewelle war eine Korrelation zwischen Einweisungen und Temperatur nachweisbar. Die Akuteinweisungen per Rettungsdiensteinsatz scheinen ein valider Parameter zur Darstellung der Morbiditätssteigerung an Hitzetagen zu sein.

Abstract

Heatwaves are gaining in importance due to increasing climatic changes. They can impair health and increase mortality. A comparison of studies is difficult because of differences in the definition of a heatwave used and/or different populations studied. In this study, morbidity data were collected using the web-based IVENA system. This system registers hospital admissions with diagnosis by the emergency medical services. We analysed hospital admissions in Frankfurt/Main during June–August of 2014–2016. These periods included a heatwave in July 2015 (per definition>32°C for at least 5 days/more than 4 days). On days with “heatwave”, there was a 22% increase in hospital admissions of patients brought in by the emergency services (excess morbidity). Considering only “heat-related diagnosis”, the increase was 200%. In addition to the increase in hospital admissions on “heatwave” days, there was also a direct correlation between temperature and hospital admissions over the summer days. Using the data on hospital admission of patients brought in by the emergency services turned out to be a valid marker for “heat morbidity”.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 WHO. Improving public health responses to extreme weather/heat-waves – EuroHEAT. 2008
  • 2 Bouchama A.. The 2003 European heat wave. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 1-3
  • 3 Bittner MI. Auswirkungen von Hitzewellen auf die Mortalität in Deutschland. Das Gesundheitswesen 2013
  • 4 Heudorf U. SM. Heat waves and mortality in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2003–2013. Z Gerontol Geriat 2014; 47: 475-482
  • 5 Aström DO, Forsberg B, Rocklöv J. Heat wave impact on morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. A review of recent studies. Maturitas 2011; 99-105
  • 6 Li M, Gu S, Bi P. et al. Heat Waves and Morbidity: Durrent Knowledge and Further Direction – A Comprehensive Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12: 5256-5283
  • 7 Straff W, Mücke HG, Baeker R et al. Handlungempfehlungen für die Erstellung von Hitzeaktionsplänen zum Schutz der menschlichen Gesundheit; 24. März 2017
  • 8 Zielo B. MA. Relevance of Heat Health Actions Plans for Preventive Public Health in Germany. Das Gesundheitswesen 2017
  • 9 Matthies F, Bickler G, Cardenosa Marin N et al. Heat-Health Action Plans Guidance. 2008
  • 10 Grewe HA. BB. Hessischer Aktionsplan zur Vermeidung hitzebedingter Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen der Bevölkerung (HEAT): Abschlussbericht. Fulda; Dezember 2012
  • 11 Grewe HA, Heckenhahn S, Blättner B. Gesundheitsschutz bei Hizewellen: Europäische Empfehlungen und hessische Erfahrungen. Z Gerontol Geriat 2014; 47: 483-489
  • 12 Blättner B, Heckenhahn m, Georgy S. et al. Wohngebiete mit hitzeabhängigen Gesundheitsrisiken ermitteln: Soziodemografische und klimatische Kartierung als Planungsinstrument gezielter Prävention. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 2010; 53: 75-81
  • 13 Grewe HA, Heckenhahn M, Blättner B. et al. Prävention klimabedingter Gesundheitsrisiken in der Kommune. Gesundheitswesen 2010; Aug-Sep 466-471
  • 14 Kwon BY, Lee E, Lee S. et al. Vulnerabilities to Temperature Effects on Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospital Admissions in South Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12: 14571-14588
  • 15 Trang PM, Rocklöv J, Giang KB et al. Heatwaves and Hospital Admissions for Mental Disorders in Northern Vietnam. PLOS one 2016
  • 16 Zhang K, Chen TH, Begley CE. Impact of the 2011 heat wave on mortality and emergency department visits in Houston, Texas. Environmental Health 2015; 6: 1-7
  • 17 Linares C, Culqui D, Carmona R. et al. Short-term association between environmental factors and hospital admissions due to dementia in Madrid. Environmental Research 2017; 152: 214-220
  • 18 Iniguez C, Schifano P, Asta F. et al. Temperature in summer and children’s hosptalizations in two Mediterranean cities. Environmental Rsearch 2016; 150: 236-244
  • 19 Goldie J, Sherwood SC, Green D. et al. Temperature and Humidity Effects on Hospital Morbidity in Darwin, Australia. Annals of Global Health 2015; 81: 333-341
  • 20 Zhang Y, Nitschke M, Krackowizer A. et al. Risk factors of direct heat-related hospital admissions during the 2009 heatwave in Adelaide, Australia: a matched case-control study. BMJ open 2016; 1-7
  • 21 Näyhä S, Rintamäki H, Donaldson G. et al. Heat-related thermal sensation, comfort and symptoms in a northern population: the National FINRISK 2007 study. Int J Biometerol 2013; 24: 620-626
  • 22 Näyhä S, Rintamäki H, Donaldson G. et al. The prevalence of heat-related cardiorespiratory symptoms: the vulnerable groups identified from the National FINRISK 2007 Study. Int J Biometerol 2017; 61: 657-668
  • 23 Sheridan SC. LS. Assessing Variability in the Impacts of Heat on Health Outcomes in New York City Over Time, Season, and Heat-Wave Duration. Eco Health 2014; 11: 512-525
  • 24 Boeckmann M.. RI. Is planned adaptation to heat reducing heat-related mortality and illness? A systematic review. BMC Public Health 2014; 14: 1112
  • 25 Tong S, Wanf XY, Barnett AG. Assessment of Heat-Related Health Impacts in Brisbane, Australia: Comparison of Fifferent Heatwave Definitions. Plos One 2010
  • 26 Robinson P. On the Definition of Heat wave. Journal of applied meteorology 2001; 40: 762-775
  • 27 Dong W, Zeng Q, Li G. et al. Impact of Heat wave Defintions on the Added Effect of Heat waves on Cardiovascular Mortality in Beijing, China. Int J Environmental Research and Public Health 2016; 13: 1-12
  • 28 Busch Isaksen T, Yost MG, Hom EK. et al. Increased hospital admissions associated with extreme-heat exposure in King County, Washington, 1990–2010. Rev Environ Health 2015; 30: 51-64
  • 29 Burkart K. Khan MHG Krämer A. et al. Seasonal variations of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by age, gender, and socioeconomic condition in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Int J Equity in Health 2011; 10: 1-10
  • 30 Gronlund CJ. Racial and socioeconomic disparities in heat-related health effects and their mechanisms: a review. Curr Epidemiol Rep 2014; 1: 165-173
  • 31 Gronlund CJ, Zanobetti A, Schwartz JD. et al. Heat, Heat Waves, and Hospital Admissions among the Elderly in the Unites States, 1992–2006. Environmetal Health Perspectives 2014; 122: 1187-1192
  • 32 Gronlund CJ, Zanobetti A, Wellenius GA. et al. Vulnerability to renal, heat and respiratory hospitalizations during extreme heat among U.S. elderly. Climatic Change 2016; 136: 631-645
  • 33 Phung D, Guo Y, Thai P. et al. The effects of high temperature on cardiovascular admissions in the most populous tropical city in Vietnam. Environmental pollution 2016; 208: 33-39
  • 34 Bunker A, Wildenhain J, Vandenbergh A. et al. Effects of Air temperature on Climate-Sensitive Mortality and Morbidity Outcomes in the Elderly; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Evidence. EBio Medicine 2016; 6: 258-268
  • 35 Bobb JF, Obermeyer Z, Wang Y. et al. Cause -Specific Risk of Hospital Admission to Extreme Heat in Older Adults. JAMA 2014; 312: 2659-2667
  • 36 Steul K, Schade M, Heudorf U. Mortality during heatwaves 2003–2015 in Frankfurt-Main – the 2003 heatwave and its implications. Int J Hyg Env Health 2017 (Article in Press)