Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1043-8224
Chronische Pankreatitis – ein Update aus Sicht der Chirurgie
Chronic Pancreatitis – an Update from the Surgeonʼs Point of ViewPublication History
Publication Date:
03 February 2020 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Diese Übersichtsarbeit präsentiert den aktuellen evidenzbasierten Wissensstand über chronische Pankreatitis aus chirurgischer Sicht. Eine praxisorientierte Zusammenfassung der therapeutischen Strategie wird entsprechend den gültigen Leitlinien unter Berücksichtigung der neuesten Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur dargestellt.
Abstract
Continuously rising incidence and prevalence, frequent hospitalisation, development of opioid dependence, and early retirement of young people demonstrate the enormous socioeconomic impact of chronic pancreatitis. Aims of therapy include pain relief, improved quality of life, management of complications, cancer prevention and preservation of function. Since medical and endoscopic approaches of conservative therapy have proved to be ineffective on the long term, surgery remains the mainstay of treatment and should be considered as early as possible. Surgery encompasses a wide spectrum of methods, ranging from simple drainage procedures and conventional resections to various hybrid techniques. The choice of optimal surgical management should consider the unique pathomorphologic changes of every individual patient and be performed at a high-volume pancreas center. This review presents the current evidence-based state of knowledge about chronic pancreatitis from a surgical point of view with a practical summary of therapeutic strategies according to the available guidelines and considering most recent literature input.
-
Die enorme sozioökonomische Auswirkung der chronischen Pankreatitis lässt sich durch stetig steigende Inzidenz und Prävalenz, häufige Hospitalisierungen, Entwicklung von Opioidabhängigkeit und vorzeitige Verrentung von jungen Menschen eindeutig demonstrieren.
-
Die häufigste Ursache der chronischen Pankreatitis ist der dauerhafte Alkoholabusus.
-
Die Diagnose einer CP basiert auf klinischen, morphologischen/bildgebenden und funktionellen Parametern.
-
Ziele der Therapie sind:
-
die frühestmögliche Schmerzbefreiung mit Verbesserung der Lebensqualität,
-
Beseitigung von Komplikationen und
-
Karzinomvorbeugung unter maximalen Funktionserhalt.
-
-
Die konservative Behandlung allein ist langfristig weitestgehend ineffektiv.
-
Deshalb spielt die chirurgische Therapie eine zentrale Rolle und sollte möglichst frühzeitig eingesetzt werden. Das Spektrum der operativen Verfahren ist sehr breit und umfasst
-
reine Drainageeingriffe,
-
klassische resektive Verfahren und
-
parenchymschonende Hybridtechniken.
-
-
Darüber hinaus besteht die Möglichkeit neuroablativer Verfahren (zeitlich limitiert; Palliativsituation) und der totalen Pankreatektomie mit Inselzellautotransplantation (TP-AIT).
-
Die Wahl des optimalen therapeutischen Managements soll die konkreten pathomorphologischen Besonderheiten bei jedem individuellen Patienten berücksichtigen und, wenn möglich, an spezialisierten interdisziplinär arbeitenden Pankreaszentren erfolgen.
-
Literatur
- 1 Hoffmeister A, Mayerle J, Beglinger C. et al. S3-Leitlinie Chronische Pankreatitis: Definition, Ätiologie, Diagnostik und konservative, interventionell endoskopische und operative Therapie der chronischen Pankreatitis. Z Gastroenterol 2012; 50: 1176-1224 Im Internet: http://www.aerztenetz-bad-berleburg.de/images/S3-Leitlinie-Chronische-Pankreatitis.pdf Stand: 30.12.2019;
- 2 Löhr JM, Domiguez-Munoz E, Rosendahl J. et al. United European Gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (HaPanEU). United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5: 153-199
- 3 Beyer G, DʼHaese J, Ormanns S et al. Chronische Pankreatitis und Pankreaskarzinom – Tumorrisiko und Screening. DMW – Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2018; 143: 895-906 doi:10.1055/s-0043-125407
- 4 Steer ML, Waxman I, Freedman S. Chronic pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1482-1490
- 5 Yadav D, Hawes RH, Brand RE. et al. Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the risk of recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 1035-1045
- 6 Lankisch PG, Breuer N, Bruns A. et al. Natural history of acute pancreatitis: a long-term population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104: 2797-2805
- 7 Machicado JD, Yadav D. Epidemiology of recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis: similarities and differences. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62: 1683-1691
- 8 Demir IE, Tieftrunk E, Maak M. et al. Pain mechanisms in chronic pancreatitis: of a master and his fire. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2011; 396: 151-160
- 9 Ceyhan GO, Bergmann F, Kadihasanoglu M. et al. Pancreatic neuropathy and neuropathic pain – a comprehensive pathomorphological study of 546 cases. Gastroenterology 2009; 136: 177-186
- 10 Belyaev O, Uhl W. Entzündliche Pankreaserkrankungen – chirurgische Therapie. G14.2. In: Sauerbruch T. Hrsg. Therapie-Handbuch. 5. Aufl.. München: Elsevier, Urban & Fischer; 2014: 1-8
- 11 Shafiq N, Rana S, Bhasin D. et al. Pancreatic enzymes for chronic pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (04) CD006302
- 12 Yaghoobi M, McNabb-Baltar J, Bijarchi R. et al. Pancreatic enzyme supplements are not effective for relieving abdominal pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis: meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;
- 13 Ammann RW, Akovbiantz A, Largiader F. Pain relief in chronic pancreatitis with and without surgery. Gastroenterology 1984; 87: 746-747
- 14 Adler JM, Gardner TB. Endoscopic therapies for chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62: 1729-1737
- 15 Ahmed Ali U, Pahlplatz JM, Nealon WH. et al. Endoscopic or surgical intervention for painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; (03) CD007884
- 16 Witzigmann H, Geißler F, Uhlmann D. et al. Chirurgische Therapie der Folgezustände der chronischen Pankreatitis. Zentralbl Chir 2001; 126: 889-896
- 17 Yang CJ, Bliss LA, Schapira EF. et al. Systematic review of early surgery for chronic pancreatitis: impact on pain, pancreatic function, and re-intervention. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18: 1863-1869
- 18 Ahmed Ali U, Issa Y, Bruno MJ. et al. Early surgery versus optimal current step-up practice for chronic pancreatitis (ESCAPE): design and rationale of a randomized trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13: 49 doi:10.1186/1471-230X-13-49
- 19 Puestow CB, Gillesby WJ. Retrograde surgical drainage of pancreas for chronic relapsing pancreatitis. AMA Arch Surg 1958; 76: 898-907
- 20 Partington PF, Rochelle RE. Modified Puestow procedure for retrograde drainage of the pancreatic duct. Ann Surg 1960; 152: 1037-1043
- 21 Belyaev O, Uhl W. Operation nach Puestow. In: Izbicki JR, Perez D. Hrsg. Expertise Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie Pankreas. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2018: 103-110
- 22 Dua MM, Visser BC. Surgical approaches to chronic pancreatitis: indications and techniques. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62: 1738-1744
- 23 Chromik AM, Uhl W. Evidenz der operativen Therapie der chronischen Pankreatitis. In: Beger H, Büchler MW, Dralle H. Hrsg. Erkrankungen des Pankreas. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013: 141-148
- 24 Strobel O, Büchler MW, Werner J. Duodenumerhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion – Technik nach Beger, Technik nach Frey und Berner Modifikation. Chirurg 2009; 80: 22-27
- 25 Janot MS, Belyaev O, Kersting S. et al. Indications and early outcomes for total pancreatectomy at a high-volume pancreas center. HPB Surg 2010; 2010: pii:686702 doi:10.1155/2010/686702
- 26 Seelig MH, Chromik AM, Weyhe D. et al. Pancreatic redo procedures: to do or not to do – this is the question. J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11: 1175-1182
- 27 Beger HG, Witte C, Krautzberger W. et al. Experiences with duodenum sparing pancreas head resection in chronic pancreatitis in German. Chirurg 1980; 51: 303-307
- 28 Chromik AM, Uhl W, Beger H. Duodenumerhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion. In: Beger H, Büchler MW, Dralle H. Hrsg. Erkrankungen des Pankreas. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013: 127-132
- 29 Frey CF, Smith GJ. Description and rationale of a new operation for chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 1987; 2: 701-707
- 30 Izbicki JR, Bloechle C, Broering DC. et al. Longitudinal V-shaped excision of the ventral pancreas for small duct disease in severe chronic pancreatitis: prospective evaluation of a new surgical procedure. Ann Surg 1998; 227: 213-219
- 31 Gloor B, Friess H, Uhl W. et al. A modified technique of the Beger and Frey procedure in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Dig Surg 2001; 18: 21-25
- 32 Köninger J, Seiler CM, Sauerland S. et al. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection – a randomized controlled trial comparing the original Beger procedure with the Berne modification (ISRCTN No. 50638764). Surgery 2008; 143: 490-498
- 33 Keck T, Marjanovic G, Fernandez-del Castillo C. et al. The inflammatory pancreatic head mass: significant differences in the anatomic pathology of German and American patients with chronic pancreatitis determine very different surgical strategies. Ann Surg 2009; 249: 105-110
- 34 Beger HG, Schlosser W, Friess HM. et al. Duodenum-preserving head resection in chronic pancreatitis changes the natural course of the disease: a single-center 26-year experience. Ann Surg 1999; 230: 512-519
- 35 Zhao X, Cui N, Wang X. et al. Surgical strategies in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96: e6220 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000006220
- 36 Gurusamy KS, Lusuku C, Halkias C. et al. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic resection versus pancreaticoduodenectomy for chronic pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; (02) CD011521
- 37 Büchler MW, Friess H, Müller MW. et al. Randomized trial of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection versus pylorus-preserving Whipple in chronic pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1995; 169: 65-69
- 38 Klempa I, Spatny M, Menzel J. et al. Pancreatic function and quality of life after resection of the head of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis. A prospective, randomized comparative study after duodenum preserving resection of the head of the pancreas versus Whippleʼs operation. Chirurg 1995; 66: 350-359
- 39 Izbicki JR, Bloechle C, Broering DC. et al. Extended drainage versus resection in surgery for chronic pancreatitis: a prospective randomized trial comparing the longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy combined with local pancreatic head excision with the pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 1998; 228: 771-779
- 40 Farkas G, Leindler L, Daróczi M. et al. Prospective randomised comparison of organ-preserving pancreatic head resection with pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2006; 391: 338-342
- 41 Keck T, Adam U, Makowiec F. et al. Short- and long-term results of duodenum preservation versus resection for the management of chronic pancreatitis: a prospective, randomized study. Surgery 2012; 152: S95-S102
- 42 Diener MK, Hüttner FJ, Kieser M. et al. Partial pancreatoduodenectomy versus duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection in chronic pancreatitis: the multicentre, randomised, controlled, double-blind ChroPac trial. Lancet 2017; 390: 1027-1037
- 43 Jawad ZAR, Tsim N, Pai M. et al. Short and long-term post-operative outcomes of duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection for chronic pancreatitis affecting the head of pancreas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18: 121-128
- 44 Klaiber U, Alldinger I, Probst P. et al. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection: 10-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing the Beger procedure with the Berne modification. Surgery 2016; 160: 127-135
- 45 Zach S, Wilhelm TJ, Rückert F. et al. Redo surgery after duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection for chronic pancreatitis: high incidence in long-term follow-up. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19: 1078-1085
- 46 Fusaroli P, Caletti G. Is there a role for celiac plexus block for chronic pancreatitis?. Endosc Int Open 2015; 3: 60-62
- 47 Chinnakotla S, Bellin MD, Schwarzenberg SJ. et al. Total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation in children for chronic pancreatitis: indication, surgical techniques, postoperative management and long-term outcomes. Ann Surg 2014; 260: 56-64
- 48 Wilson GC, Sutton JM, Smith MT. et al. Total pancreatectomy with islet cell autotransplantation as the initial treatment for minimal-change chronic pancreatitis. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17: 232-238
- 49 Wilson GC, Sutton JM, Smith MT. et al. Completion pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplantation as salvage therapy for patients failing previous operative interventions for chronic pancreatitis. Surgery 2015; 158: 872-880
- 50 Morgan KA, Lancaster WP, Owczarski SM. et al. Patient Selection for Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation in the Surgical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis. J Am Coll Surg 2018; 226: 446-451 doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.12.018
- 51 Bellin MD, Abu-El-Haija M, Morgan K. et al. A multicenter study of total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT): POST (Prospective Observational Study of TPIAT). Pancreatology 2018; 18: 286-290 doi:10.1016/j.pan.2018.02.001