Effects of Prenatal Electronic Cigarette Exposure On Foetal Development: a Review of the Literature

Pia Römer; Amanda Goméz Putzer; Robin Kemmerich; Birgit Mathes

doi:10.1055/a-1524-5155

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81(11): 1224-1237
DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-5155

GebFra Science

Review/Übersicht

Einfluss pränataler E-Zigaretten-Exposition auf die fetale Entwicklung: ein Überblick

Article in several languages: English | deutsch

Pia Römer

Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany

,

Amanda Goméz Putzer

Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany

,

Robin Kemmerich

Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany

,

Birgit Mathes

Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development, Department 11, University of Bremen, Germany

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Seit der Markteinführung im Jahr 2007 gewannen E-Zigaretten an Popularität und galten als vergleichsweise sichere Alternative zu konventionellen Zigaretten. Insbesondere bei Schwangeren und bei Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter werden vermehrt E-Zigaretten konsumiert. Zu Auswirkungen pränataler Exposition auf den betroffenen Fetus ist bisher wenig bekannt. Das Ziel ist es, eine Übersicht zur aktuellen Forschungslage zum Thema Auswirkungen pränataler E-Zigaretten-Exposition auf den Fetus zu geben. Aufgrund bisher fehlender Humanstudien bezieht sich diese Übersicht ausschließlich auf Tier- und In-vitro-Analysen. Für eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche wurden die Datenbanken PubMed und Web of Science verwendet. Die Recherche resultierte in N = 17 relevanten Forschungsarbeiten. Folgeschäden, die durch die pränatale Exposition konventioneller Zigaretten entstehen können, zeigten sich auch bei pränataler E-Zigaretten-Exposition. Es konnte eine Assoziation zwischen pränataler E-Zigaretten-Exposition und einer global gesteigerten DNA-Methylierung festgestellt werden, was in einer geringeren Genexpression resultiert. Dies könnte besonders bei entwicklungsrelevanten Genen zu negativen Folgen für entsprechende Entwicklungsbereiche betroffener Kinder führen. So kam es bei Mäusen zu einer stark verminderten Zellvitalität von neuronalen und Stammzellen und zu vermehrtem Zelltod. Weiter führte die pränatale Exposition von E-Zigaretten zu einer Vielzahl von Entwicklungsstörungen, wie Fehlbildungen der Gesichtsmorphologie oder geringeres Geburtsgewicht. Zudem konnte im Tierexperiment eine Verschlechterung des Kurzzeitgedächtnisses bei den Tieren festgestellt werden. Aktivität und kognitive Flexibilität waren gesteigert, Angstverhalten vermindert. Es wird deutlich, dass mehr Forschungsarbeiten und insbesondere Humanstudien zu diesem Thema benötigt werden. Zudem bedarf es einer intensiveren Aufklärung des Fachpersonals der Schwangerschaftsbetreuung sowie der Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter und während der Schwangerschaft.

Schlüsselwörter

E-Zigarette - Schwangerschaft - fetale Entwicklung - Prävention

Full Text

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