Die Autoantikörperbestimmung gehört zu den Klassifikations- und/oder Diagnosekriterien
für einige Autoimmunerkrankungen und nimmt einen relevanten prädiktiven Wert ein, denn viele
Autoantikörper sind bereits Jahre vor dem klinischen Auftreten einer Krankheitsmanifestation
nachweisbar. Diese Übersicht stellt verschiedene diagnostische Immunoassays vor, die
üblicherweise in der aktuellen Laborpraxis zum Nachweis von Autoantikörpern verwendet
werden.
Abstract
The detection of circulating autoantibodies against a variety of structural and functional
molecules present in ubiquitous or tissue-specific cells is critical to the diagnosis of many
autoimmune diseases (systemic – such as systemic rheumatic diseases – and organ-specific
diseases). In particular, the determination of autoantibodies is one of the classification
and/or diagnostic criteria for some autoimmune diseases and has a relevant predictive value,
since many autoantibodies can be detected years before the clinical manifestation of a
disease.
The identification of these antigen-antibody systems and the simultaneous development of
laboratory methods for detecting and measuring autoantibodies are considered one of the
milestones in the history of clinical immunology over the last 60 years. Many different
immunoassay methods have been developed and used in laboratory practice, from the early
conventional (or monoplex) analytical methods that can detect single autoantibodies to the
newer multiplex platforms that can quantify dozens of molecules. Various diagnostic
immunoassays commonly used in current laboratory practice for the detection of autoantibodies
are presented in this review.
Schlüsselwörter
Autoantikörper - Methoden - indirekte Immunfluoreszenz - ELISA - ANA - ANCA
Keywords
autoantibodies - methods - indirect immunofluorescence - ELISA - ANA - ANCA
