Management von Dammrissen dritten und vierten Grades nach vaginaler Geburt. Leitlinie der DGGG, OEGGG und SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF-Register Nr. 015/079, Dezember 2020)

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Die Leitlinie soll insbesondere durch Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge nach höhergradigen Dammrissen im Rahmen vaginaler Geburten das Management dieser Situationen verbessern und mitwirken, unmittelbare sowie langzeitige Folgeschäden zu reduzieren. Die Leitlinie richtet sich an Hebammen, an geburtshilflich tätige Ärztinnen und Ärzte sowie an Ärztinnen und Ärzte, die in die Versorgung von höhergradigen Dammrissen involviert sind.

Methoden Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche. Die strukturierte Konsensfindung der Empfehlungen und Statements erfolgte bei der Konferenz unter neutraler Moderation.

Empfehlungen Nach jeder vaginalen Geburt soll ein Dammriss III°/IV° zunächst durch sorgfältige Inspektion und/oder Palpation durch den Geburtshelfer und/oder die Hebamme ausgeschlossen werden. Die vaginale sowie anorektale Palpation zur Evaluierung von Geburtsverletzungen sind dabei unabdingbar. Im Operationsteam soll ein Facharzt mit ausreichender Erfahrung (vorrangig Facharzt für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe oder Facharzt mit koloproktologischer Expertise) zur Verfügung stehen. In Ausnahmefällen kann die Versorgung auch bis zu 12 Stunden postpartal durchgeführt werden, um eine fachgerechte Versorgung in den einzelnen, durch das Trauma einbezogenen Schichten, zu gewährleisten. Da weder die Stoß-auf-Stoß-Technik noch die überlappende Technik in der Versorgung des Risses des M. sphincter ani externus eine Überlegenheit gezeigt hat, soll der Operateur die Methode, bei der die größere Routine besteht, zur Anwendung bringen. Hierbei soll die Anlage eines Anus praeters im Rahmen der primären Versorgung nicht vorgenommen werden. Eine tägliche Reinigung mit fließendem Wasser, insbesondere nach dem Stuhlgang, wird empfohlen. Diese kann z. B. als Spülung oder Wechseldusche durchgeführt werden. Die postoperative Gabe von Laxanzien sollte über eine Therapiedauer von zumindest 2 Wochen erfolgen. Eine Aufklärung über das Vorgehen bei Folgegeburten wie auch einer potenziellen analen Inkontinenz soll erfolgen.

Schlüsselwörter

Leitlinie - höhergradiger Dammriss - Dammrissversorgung

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 17. August 2022

Angenommen nach Revision: 23. August 2022

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. Dezember 2022

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