Download PDF
Aktuelle Rheumatologie 2022; 47(06): 478-482
DOI: 10.1055/a-1947-5200
Übersichtsarbeit

Thromboinflammation: Dynamik physiologischer und pathologischer Wechselwirkungen von Entzündung und Koagulation

Thromboinflammation: Dynamics of Physiological and Pathological Interactions between Inflammation and Coagulation
Ana-Luisa Stefanski 
1   Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
2   Autoimmunity, DRFZ, Berlin, Germany
,
Eduard Nitschke
1   Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
2   Autoimmunity, DRFZ, Berlin, Germany
,
Thomas Dörner
1   Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
2   Autoimmunity, DRFZ, Berlin, Germany
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Das konzertante Zusammenspiel zwischen endothelialer Dysfuntion, aktivierten Thrombozyten und anderen Immunzellen sowie simultaner Komplementaktivierung führt zur Aktivierung und gegenseitigen Verstärkung sowohl der Immunantwort als auch der Gerinnungskaskade. Durch die unkontrollierte Fortdauer dieser physiologischen Mechanismen kann der pathologische Prozess der Thromboinflammation induziert werden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit fassen wir grundlegende Mechanismen zusammen, die zur Thromboinflammation als ein Auslöser von venösen Thromboembolien führen.

Abstract

The orchestral interaction between endothelial dysfunction, activated thrombocytes and other immune cells as well as the concomitant activation of complement lead to simultaneous activation of the immune system and coagulation. An uncontrolled persistence of these physiological mechanisms can induce pathological processes of thromboinflammation. This review article aims to summarise mechanisms leading to thromboinflammation as a cause of venous thromboembolism.

Schlüsselwörter

Entzündung - Gerinnung - Thromboinflammation - Autoimmunität - COVID19

Key words

inflammation - coagulation - thromboinflammation - autoimmunity - COVID-19online publiziert 2022


Publication History

Article published online:
02 November 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Hoppe B, Dörner T. Coagulation and the fibrin network in rheumatic disease: a role beyond haemostasis. Nature Reviews Rheumatology 2012; 8: 738-746
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Jeon BH. Endothelial Dysfunction: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2021; 9: 1571
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Lee JJ, Pope JE. A meta-analysis of the risk of venous thromboembolism in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16: 435
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Agca R, Heslinga SC, Rollefstad S. et al. EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disorders: 2015/2016 update. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2017; 76: 17-28
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Ozen G, Pedro S, Michaud K. The risk of cardiovascular events associated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology. 2020 jrheum.200265
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Drakopoulou M, Soulaidopoulos S, Oikonomou G. et al. Cardiovascular Effects of Biologic Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18: 488-506
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Peerschke EI, Yin W, Grigg SE. et al. Blood platelets activate the classical pathway of human complement. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2006; 4: 2035-2042
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Andonegui G, Kerfoot SM, McNagny K. et al. Platelets express functional Toll-like receptor-4. Blood 2005; 106: 2417-2423
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Cognasse F, Duchez AC, Audoux E. et al. Platelets as Key Factors in Inflammation: Focus on CD40L/CD40. Front Immunol 2022; 13: 825892
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Rolfes V, Idel C, Pries R. et al. PD-L1 is expressed on human platelets and is affected by immune checkpoint therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 9: 27460-27470
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Rolfes V, Ribeiro LS, Hawwari I. et al. Platelets Fuel the Inflammasome Activation of Innate Immune Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 31: 107615
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Lindemann S, Tolley ND, Dixon DA. et al. Activated platelets mediate inflammatory signaling by regulated interleukin 1beta synthesis. J Cell Biol 2001; 154: 485-490
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Boilard E, Blanco P, Nigrovic PA. Platelets: active players in the pathogenesis of arthritis and SLE. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8: 534-542
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Duffau P, Seneschal J, Nicco C. et al. Platelet CD154 potentiates interferon-alpha secretion by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2: 47ra63
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Greinacher A. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. New England Journal of Medicine 2015; 373: 252-261
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Salih F, Schönborn L, Kohler S. et al. Vaccine-Induced Thrombocytopenia with Severe Headache. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 2103-2105
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 von Brühl ML, Stark K, Steinhart A. et al. Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. J Exp Med 2012; 209: 819-835
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Papayannopoulos V. Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 18: 134-147
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Renné T, Gailani D. Role of Factor XII in hemostasis and thrombosis: clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2007; 5: 733-741
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Gremese E, Ferraccioli G. The pathogenesis of microthrombi in COVID-19 cannot be controlled by DOAC: NETosis should be the target. Journal of Internal Medicine 2021; 289: 420-421
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Girardi G, Redecha P, Salmon JE. Heparin prevents antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss by inhibiting complement activation. Nat Med 2004; 10: 1222-1226
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Lee KH, Kronbichler A, Park DD. et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16: 1160-1173
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Pérez-Sánchez C, Ruiz-Limón P, Aguirre MA. et al. Diagnostic potential of NETosis-derived products for disease activity, atherosclerosis and therapeutic effectiveness in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. Journal of Autoimmunity 2017; 82: 31-40
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Angeletti A, Volpi S, Bruschi M. et al. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-DNase Balance and Autoimmunity. Cells 2021; 10: 2667
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Schmidt CQ, Schrezenmeier H, Kavanagh D. Complement and the prothrombotic state. Blood 2022; 139: 1954-1972
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 de Bont CM, Boelens WC, Pruijn GJM. NETosis, complement, and coagulation: a triangular relationship. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16: 19-27
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Sontheimer RD, Racila E, Racila DM. C1q: Its Functions within the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses and its Role in Lupus Autoimmunity. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2005; 125: 14-23
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Chaturvedi S, Braunstein EM, Brodsky RA. Antiphospholipid syndrome: Complement activation, complement gene mutations, and therapeutic implications. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19: 607-616
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Asakura H, Ogawa H. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Int J Hematol 2021; 113: 45-57
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Kruse JM, Zickler D, Lüdemann WM. et al. Evidence for a thromboembolic pathogenesis of lung cavitations in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11: 16039
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M. et al. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 2020; 395: 1033-1034
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Bradley BT, Maioli H, Johnston R. et al. Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series. Lancet. 2020; 396: 320-332
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Gauchel N, Krauel K, Hamad MA. et al. Thromboinflammation as a Driver of Venous Thromboembolism. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41: 428-432
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Siguret V, Voicu S, Neuwirth M. et al. Are antiphospholipid antibodies associated with thrombotic complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients?. Thromb Res 2020; 195: 74-76
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Zuo Y, Estes SK, Ali RA. et al. Prothrombotic autoantibodies in serum from patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Science Translational Medicine 2020; 12 eabd3876
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Abdel-Wahab N, Talathi S, Lopez-Olivo MA. et al. Risk of developing antiphospholipid antibodies following viral infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lupus 2018; 27: 572-583
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar