Entzündungs- und Nekrosesyndrom des Schweins (SINS) – eine Übersicht

Zusammenfassung

Entzündungen und Teilverluste des Schwanzes treten in hoher Frequenz auf und müssen bekämpft werden, wenn das Tierwohl beim Schwein verbessert werden soll. Dabei greift die alleinige Berücksichtigung des Schwanzbeißens zu kurz. Entzündungen und Nekrosen des Schwanzes treten regelmäßig auch ohne Zutun anderer Schweine auf. Der Nachweis entsprechender Veränderungen bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt, das gehäuft synchrone Auftreten an so verschiedenen Körperlokalisationen wie Schwanz, Ohren, Zitzen, Klauen und anderen Partien, sowie der pathohistologische Nachweis Blutgefäß-assoziierter Veränderungen sprechen für eine primär endogene Ursache und ein Syndrom, auch wenn die Symptomatik mit Umweltfaktoren interagiert. Die Veränderungen können bei Saug- und Absatzferkeln sowie in der Mast beobachtet werden. Die Verbesserung der Umwelt kann zu erheblicher Reduktion von Entzündungen und Nekrosen führen. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich erhebliche genetische Effekte der Eber und Sauen. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel beleuchtet alle bislang bekannten Facetten von SINS (Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome) und gibt einen Einblick in die Eckpunkte der Pathogenese. Das Bewusstsein für ein neues und vom Schwanzbeißen abzugrenzendes Krankheitsbild soll einen Beitrag zu dessen Bekämpfung und somit zur Steigerung des Tierwohls beim Schwein leisten.

Abstract

Inflammation and partial loss of the tail occur with high frequency in pigs and must be combated if animal welfare is to be improved. In this context, consideration of tail biting as sole explanation fails to go far enough. Inflammation and necrosis of the tail occur regularly even without the intervention of other pigs. The evidence of such alterations already at the time of birth, the clustered synchronous occurrence on different parts of the body such as the tail, ears, teats, claws, amongst others as well as the pathohistological evidence of blood vessel-associated changes advocate a primarily endogenous cause bearing a syndromic character even if the symptomatology interacts with environmental factors. Alterations may be observed in suckling and weaning piglets as well as in fatteners. Environmental improvement may lead to a significantly reduced symptomatology. At the same time, genetic effects of boar and sow have been demonstrated. This review article highlights all facets of the syndrome known to date and provides an insight into the key points of the pathogenesis. The awareness of a new clinical syndrome that must be distinguished from tail biting will afford a contribution to combating this entity and thus increasing animal welfare in swine.

Schlüsselwörter

Schwein - Schwanzbeißen - Tierwohl - Genetik - Haltung - Kupieren

Key words

Pig - tail biting - animal welfare - genetics - husbandry - tail docking

Publication History

Received: 22 February 2022

Accepted: 31 May 2022

Article published online:
02 November 2022

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