RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/a-1954-3937
Classification and Diagnosis of Primary Headache Disorders
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/sin/202204/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-a-1954-3937_20220038-1.jpg)
Abstract
Proper diagnosis is the key to successful management of headache disorders. Separating secondary causes from primary headache disorders is a necessary first step, followed by further refinement within these broader categories. For research into the physiological and pathophysiological underpinnings of headache disorders, distinguishing headache types and subtypes is even more crucial. Thus, classification of headache types is required in clinical work and research in headache medicine. This article will provide an overview of the guiding philosophy behind the International Classification of Headache Disorders, a guide to its use in diagnosing primary headache disorders, and a review of important diagnostic features of the primary headaches.
Keywords
headache classification - migraine - cluster headache - primary headaches - headache diagnosisPublikationsverlauf
Accepted Manuscript online:
03. Oktober 2022
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
02. November 2022
© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Pearce JM. Historical aspects of migraine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49 (10) 1097-1103
- 2 Isler H. Headache classification prior to the Ad Hoc criteria. Cephalalgia 1993; 13 (Suppl. 12) 9-10
- 3 Gladstone JP, Dodick DW. From hemicrania lunaris to hemicrania continua: an overview of the revised International Classification of Headache Disorders. Headache 2004; 44 (07) 692-705
- 4 Ad Hoc Committee on Classification of Headache of the National Institute of Health. Classification of headache. JAMA 1962; 179: 717-718
- 5 Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Cephalalgia 1988; 8 (Suppl. 07) 1-96
- 6 Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia 2004; 24 (Suppl. 01) 9-160
- 7 Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 2018; 38 (01) 1-211
- 8 Lebedeva ER, Gurary NM, Gilev DV, Olesen J. Prospective testing of ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria for migraine with aura and migraine with typical aura in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Cephalalgia 2018; 38 (03) 561-567
- 9 Carrera P, Stenirri S, Ferrari M, Battistini S. Familial hemiplegic migraine: a ion channel disorder. Brain Res Bull 2001; 56 (3-4): 239-241
- 10 De Fusco M, Marconi R, Silvestri L. et al. Haploinsufficiency of ATP1A2 encoding the Na+/K+ pump alpha2 subunit associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Nat Genet 2003; 33 (02) 192-196
- 11 Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Olesen J. Implications of clinical subtypes of migraine with aura. Headache 2006; 46 (02) 286-297
- 12 Hansen JM, Thomsen LL, Olesen J, Ashina M. Coexisting typical migraine in familial hemiplegic migraine. Neurology 2010; 74 (07) 594-600
- 13 Demarquay G, Ducros A, Montavont A, Mauguiere F. Migraine with brainstem aura: Why not a cortical origin?. Cephalalgia 2018; 38 (10) 1687-1695
- 14 Hill DL, Daroff RB, Ducros A, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Most cases labeled as “retinal migraine” are not migraine. J Neuroophthalmol 2007; 27 (01) 3-8
- 15 Lempert T, Neuhauser H, Daroff RB. Vertigo as a symptom of migraine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1164: 242-251
- 16 Baloh RW. Vestibular migraine I: mechanisms, diagnosis, and clinical features. Semin Neurol 2020; 40 (01) 76-82
- 17 Ishii R, Schwedt TJ, Dumkrieger G. et al. Chronic versus episodic migraine: The 15-day threshold does not adequately reflect substantial differences in disability across the full spectrum of headache frequency. Headache 2021; 61 (07) 992-1003
- 18 Jensen RH. Tension-type headache–the normal and most prevalent headache. Headache 2018; 58 (02) 339-345
- 19 Pascual J, Iglesias F, Oterino A, Vázquez-Barquero A, Berciano J. Cough, exertional, and sexual headaches: an analysis of 72 benign and symptomatic cases. Neurology 1996; 46 (06) 1520-1524
- 20 Dodick DW. Thunderclap headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72 (01) 6-11
- 21 Pareja JA, Caminero AB, Serra J. et al. Numular headache: a coin-shaped cephalgia. Neurology 2002; 58 (11) 1678-1679
- 22 Li D, Rozen TD. The clinical characteristics of new daily persistent headache. Cephalalgia 2002; 22 (01) 66-69
- 23 Peng KP, Fuh JL, Yuan HK, Shia BC, Wang SJ. New daily persistent headache: should migrainous features be incorporated?. Cephalalgia 2011; 31 (15) 1561-1569
- 24 Vanast WJ. New daily persistent headache: definition of a benign syndrome. Headache 1986; 26: 317
- 25 Lobo R, Wang M, Lobo S, Bahra A. Time to retire ‘new daily persistent headache’: mode of onset of chronic migraine and tension-type headache. Cephalalgia 2022; 42 (4-5): 385-395
- 26 Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Côté P, Lemstra M, Berglund A, Nygren A. Effect of eliminating compensation for pain and suffering on the outcome of insurance claims for whiplash injury. N Engl J Med 2000; 342 (16) 1179-1186
- 27 Silberstein SD, Olesen J, Bousser M-G. et al; International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition (ICHD-II)–revision of criteria for 8.2 Medication-overuse headache. Cephalalgia 2005; 25 (06) 460-465
- 28 Olesen J, Bousser MG, Diener HC. et al; Headache Classification Committee. New appendix criteria open for a broader concept of chronic migraine. Cephalalgia 2006; 26 (06) 742-746
- 29 Scher AI, Rizzoli PB, Loder EW. Medication overuse headache: an entrenched idea in need of scrutiny. Neurology 2017; 89 (12) 1296-1304
- 30 Schwedt TJ, Sahai-Srivastava S, Murinova N. et al; MOTS Investigators. Determinants of pain interference and headache impact in patients who have chronic migraine with medication overuse: results from the MOTS trial. Cephalalgia 2021; 41 (10) 1053-1064
- 31 Sheftell FD, Atlas SJ. Migraine and psychiatric comorbidity: from theory and hypotheses to clinical application. Headache 2002; 42 (09) 934-944