Rofo 2023; 195(06): 495-504
DOI: 10.1055/a-2007-9649
Review

Interventionelle Therapieoptionen vaskulärer Komplikationen nach Nierentransplantation

Article in several languages: English | deutsch
Niklas Verloh
1   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Michael Doppler
1   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Muhammad Taha Hagar
1   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Charlotte Kulka
1   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Ricarda von Krüchten
1   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Jakob Neubauer
1   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Jakob Weiß
1   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Elvira Röthele
2   Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Johanna Schneider
2   Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
Bernd Jänigen
3   Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
,
1   Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
› Author Affiliations

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Nierentransplantationen nehmen aufgrund des demografischen Wandels zu und sind die Behandlung der Wahl bei Nierenerkrankungen im Endstadium. Dabei kann es in der Frühphase nach Transplantation, aber auch im späteren Verlauf zu Komplikationen im Bereich der Transplantatgefäße sowie des Ureters kommen. Postoperative Komplikationen treten bei etwa 12 % bis 25 % der Patienten mit Nierentransplantation auf. In diesen Fällen sind minimalinvasive therapeutische Maßnahmen entscheidend, um die Transplantatfunktion dauerhaft sicherzustellen. Ungeachtet der nicht vaskulären Komplikationen thematisiert dieser Übersichtsartikel die wichtigsten Komplikationen des Gefäßsystems nach erfolgter Nierentransplantation und erörtert aktuelle Empfehlungen zur interventionellen Behandlung.

Methode Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed mit den Suchbegriffen „kidney transplantation“, „complications“ und „interventional treatment“ durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wurden der Jahresbericht 2022 der Deutschen Stiftung Organspende sowie die aktuellen Leitlinien der Nierentransplantation der EAU (European Association of Urology) berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Interventionelle Therapietechniken sind im Vergleich zur operativen Revision minimalinvasiv und sollten für vaskuläre Komplikationen primär angewendet werden. Die häufigsten vaskulären Komplikationen nach Nierentransplantation sind arterielle Stenosen (3 %–12,5 %), gefolgt von arteriellen und venösen Thrombosen (0,1 %–8,2 %) und Dissektionen (0,1 %). Seltener treten arteriovenöse Fisteln oder Pseudoaneurysmen auf. In diesen Fällen weist die minimalinvasive Therapie neben guten technischen und klinischen Ergebnissen auch eine niedrige Komplikationsrate auf. Die Diagnostik, Behandlung und Nachsorge sollten interdisziplinär an hochspezialisierten Zentren erfolgen, um einen Erhalt der Transplantatfunktion zu gewährleisten. Nur bei ausbleibendem Erfolg der minimalinvasiven Therapieverfahren sollte eine chirurgische Revision erwogen werden.

Kernaussagen:

  • Vaskuläre Komplikationen nach Nierentransplantation treten bei 3 % bis 15 % der Patienten auf.

  • Interventionelle Verfahren sollten primär zur Behandlung von vaskulären Komplikationen bei Nierentransplantationen angewendet werden.

  • Die minimalinvasive Therapie zeigt neben guten technischen und klinischen Ergebnissen eine niedrige Komplikationsrate.

Zitierweise

  • Verloh N, Doppler M, Hagar MT et al. Interventional Management of Vascular Complications after Renal Transplantation. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 495 – 505



Publication History

Received: 19 July 2022

Accepted: 28 November 2022

Article published online:
02 March 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
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