Klimakrise: Welche gastroenterologischen Folgeerkrankungen dieses medizinischen Notfalls sollten wir kennen?

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Die Klimakrise hat gravierende Folgen für viele Lebensbereiche. Ganz besonders gilt dies für die Gesundheit des Menschen – auch in Europa. Während kardiovaskuläre, pneumologische und dermatologische Erkrankungen mit Bezug auf die Klimakrise häufig diskutiert werden, sind gastroenterologische Erkrankungen als Folge der Krise ebenfalls von erheblicher Bedeutung.

Methoden Anhand einer Literaturrecherche (Pubmed, Cochrane Library) wurden für die Gastroenterologie in (Mittel-)Europa relevante Arbeiten identifiziert. Diese Arbeiten wurden von einem interdisziplinären Team um weitere Arbeiten ergänzt und zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse Die Klimakrise hat in Europa durch vermehrte Hitzewellen, Hochwasser und Luftverschmutzung Einfluss auf die Häufigkeit und Schwere von Erkrankungen des Gastrointestinaltraktes. Dabei sind Patienten mit Darmerkrankungen besonders vulnerabel für akute Wetterereignisse. Hinsichtlich der Langzeitfolgen des Klimawandels haben gastrointestinale Karzinome und Lebererkrankungen eine herausragende Bedeutung. Neben Gastroenteritiden sind weitere durch die stetige Erwärmung, Hitzewellen und Überschwemmungen begünstigte Infektionskrankheiten wie vektorübertragene Erkrankungen und Parasiten von Bedeutung.

Diskussion Für vulnerable Patientengruppen sind konsequent Anpassungsstrategien zu entwickeln und umzusetzen. Risikopersonen müssen hinsichtlich individuell umsetzbarer Maßnahmen wie Hitzevermeidung, entsprechendem Trinkverhalten und Hygiene beraten werden. Zur Prävention von Lebererkrankungen und Karzinomen sind in erster Linie Empfehlungen zur physischen Aktivität und gesunden nachhaltigen Ernährung sinnvoll. Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Resilienzförderung können von der Ärzteschaft auf verschiedenen Ebenen unterstützt werden. Neben Bemühungen zu Nachhaltigkeit im unmittelbaren eigenen Arbeitsumfeld ist ein übergeordnetes Engagement für Klimaschutz von Bedeutung.

Abstract

Introduction The climate crisis has serious consequences for many areas of life. This applies in particular to human health – also in Europe. While cardiovascular, pneumological and dermatological diseases related to the climate crisis are often discussed, the crisis’ significant gastroenterological consequences for health must also be considered.

Methods A literature search (Pubmed, Cochrane Library) was used to identify papers with relevance particularly to the field of gastroenterology in (Central) Europe. Findings were supplemented and discussed by an interdisciplinary team.

Results The climate crisis impacts the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal diseases in Europe due to more frequent and severe heat waves, flooding and air pollution. While patients with intestinal diseases are particularly vulnerable to acute weather events, the main long-term consequences of climate change are gastrointestinal cancer and liver disease. In addition to gastroenteritis, other infectious diseases such as vector-borne diseases and parasites are important in the context of global warming, heat waves and floods.

Discussion Adaptation strategies must be consistently developed and implemented for vulnerable groups. Patients at risk should be informed about measures that can be implemented individually, such as avoiding heat, ensuring appropriate hydration and following hygiene instructions. Recommendations for physical activity and a healthy and sustainable diet are essential for the prevention of liver diseases and carcinomas. Measures for prevention and the promotion of resilience can be supported by the physicians at various levels. In addition to efforts fostering sustainability in the immediate working environment, a system-oriented commitment to climate protection is important.

Schlüsselwörter

Klimawandel - Hitzewellen - Infektionen - Anpassungsmaßnahmen - Gastroenterologie

Keywords

climate change - heat waves - infections - adaptation measures - gastroenterology

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 31. August 2022

Angenommen nach Revision: 20. März 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
12. April 2023

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