Die Urinuntersuchung bei Hund und Katze, Teil 1: Physikalische und chemische Urinuntersuchung

Zusammenfassung

Die Urinuntersuchung bei Hunden und Katzen ist ein wichtiger Baustein bei der Diagnostik von Erkrankungen des Harntrakts und systemischen Erkrankungen. Eine Routine-Urinuntersuchung besteht aus einer physikalischen und chemischen Urinuntersuchung sowie der Urinsedimentanalyse. Es stehen mehrere Urinsammelmethoden (Auffangen, Katheterisierung, Zystozentese) zur Verfügung, welche mit verschiedenen Vor- und Nachteilen verbunden sind. Je nach Untersuchungsschwerpunkt muss für jeden Patienten individuell die geeignete Methode gewählt werden. Die Urinuntersuchung sollte im besten Fall innerhalb von 30 Minuten nach der Gewinnung durchgeführt werden, da Urin anfällig für zeit- und lagerungsbedingte Veränderungen ist. Die physikalische Urinuntersuchung gliedert sich in die Bestimmung von Urinfarbe und -trübung sowie die Messung des urinspezifischen Gewichts, welches Auskunft über die Konzentration des Urins gibt. Letzteres wird mittels Refraktometrie bestimmt und ist stets im Zusammenhang mit dem Hydratationsstatus des Patienten zu beurteilen. Bei der chemischen Urinuntersuchung werden neben dem pH-Wert des Urins die Präsenz von Blut/Hämoglobin/Myoglobin, Protein, Glukose, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, Nitrit und Ketonen bestimmt. Hierfür werden meist handelsübliche Urinteststreifen verwendet, die stets gemäß der Herstellerempfehlungen gelagert und verwendet werden sollten und bei deren Auswertung veterinärmedizinische Besonderheiten beachtet werden sollten. Die physikalische und chemische Urinuntersuchung ist einfach und schnell durchführbar und liefert wichtige Informationen, die für die Diagnose oder den Ausschluss von vielen Erkrankungen unverzichtbar sind.

Abstract

The urinalysis of dogs and cats is an important part of the diagnostic evaluation of urinary tract diseases as well as for the identification of systemic diseases. A routine urinalysis consists of a physical and chemical examination of the urine as well as an examination of the urine sediment. Various urine collection methods (free-catch, catheterization, cystocentesis) are available. Each method has multiple advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate method must be chosen individually for each patient depending on the emphasis of the examination. The urine should ideally be examined within 30 minutes of collection as it is prone to change due to time and storage. Physical examination of the urine consists of the determination of urine color, clarity, and specific gravity which provides information regarding the concentration of the urine. The latter is determined by refractometry and needs to be interpreted in the context of the hydration status of the patient. Chemical examination of the urine consists of the determination of the pH value and the presence of blood/hemoglobin/myoglobin, protein, glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, and ketones. The use of commercially available urine dipsticks is common. These must be stored and used according to the manufacturer’s instructions and when interpreting the results, veterinary aspects need to be taken into consideration. The physical and chemical examinations of the urine represent rapid and readily performable methods that provide important information for the diagnosis or the exclusion of numerous diseases.

Schlüsselwörter

Felin - kanin - Harnwegserkrankung - Urinkonzentrationsvermögen

Key words

Feline - canine - urinary tract disease - urine concentration abilities

Publication History

Received: 03 December 2022

Accepted: 23 March 2023

Article published online:
11 August 2023

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