Postnatale Infektionen bei Frühgeborenen

Frühgeborene haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Vielzahl von Komplikationen. Mit Erreichen einer sehr guten Überlebensfähigkeit von Frühgeborenen in Ländern mit gut ausgestatteten Gesundheitssystemen stellt sich die Frage der Lebensqualität der Kinder und der Identifikation von Faktoren, um diese Qualität zu verbessern. Die Kontrolle von Infektionen spielt hier eine wichtige Rolle, da diese einen Einfluss auf die Langzeitgesundheit von Frühgeborenen haben.

Kernaussagen

• Frühgeborene haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine Vielzahl von Komplikationen, einschließlich neurologischer und respiratorischer Langzeitfolgen.

• Infektionen stellen eine bedeutende Gefahr für Frühgeborene dar, da sie aufgrund ihres unreifen Immunsystems besonders anfällig sind.

• Die Kontrolle von Infektionen spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verbesserung der Langzeitgesundheit von Frühgeborenen.

• Infektionen erhöhen das Risiko von Frühgeborenen für neurologische Entwicklungsverzögerungen, Atemwegsbeschwerden und chronische Lungenerkrankungen.

• Entzündungsreaktionen im Gehirn von Frühgeborenen können zu einer Vielzahl von Problemen führen, einschließlich Schädigungen der weißen Substanz, die mit neurologischen Beeinträchtigungen, wie z.B. motorischen Defiziten, verbunden sind.

• Infektionen können durch Immunaktivierung in den Lungen zu strukturellen Veränderungen und pulmonalen Komplikationen führen, die die respiratorische Funktion beeinträchtigen und langfristige Auswirkungen auf die Lungenfunktion haben können.

• Die unvollständige Entwicklung der Lunge bei der Frühgeburt kann zu Problemen mit der Lungenfunktion und -struktur führen und die Entstehung einer chronischen Lungenerkrankung begünstigen.

• Ehemalige Frühgeborene zeigen eine reduzierte exspiratorische 1-Sekunden-Kapazität und erhöhte Atemwegswiderstände, was zu verringerter Belastungstoleranz im Alltag führen kann.

• Präventionsmaßnahmen wie Händehygiene, Überwachung von Infektionen und Vermeidung von Personalmangel spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Prophylaxe von Langzeitschäden durch Infektionen.

• Eine umfassende Betreuung und Überwachung von Frühgeborenen, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Prävention und Behandlung von Infektionen sowie die frühzeitige Intervention bei neurologischen und pulmonalen Komplikationen, ist entscheidend, um langfristige Gesundheitsprobleme zu minimieren.

Schlüsselwörter

neonatale Infektion - Zerebralparese - chronische Lungenerkrankung - Frühgeborenes - bronchopulmonale Dysplasie

Publication History

Article published online:
03 December 2024

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