B-Mode Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Detection of Splenic Involvement in Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 112 Patients

Abstract

Purpose To assess splenic involvement using B-mode ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) compared with standard imaging with contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) / 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (PET-CT) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Materials and Methods Imaging data from 112 patients from 12/2003 to 10/2022 with histologically confirmed Hodgkin lymphoma during staging or relapse were analyzed for splenic lymphoma involvement. In all patients, standard imaging (CT/PET-CT), along with B-mode US and CEUS examinations, was performed. Evidence of focal splenic lesions (FSLs) found by imaging procedures was suggestive of splenic involvement. Follow-up imaging was performed in each patient after treatment, and treatment response indicated definitive splenic involvement.

Results 40 patients (35.7%) were identified by imaging modalities as having splenic involvement, which was confirmed by response during follow-up. Standard CT/PET-CT imaging detected splenic involvement in 36/112 patients (32.1%). FSLs were detected with B-mode US in 38 patients (33.9%) and CEUS in 36 patients (32.1%). The sensitivity of standard imaging, B-mode US, and CEUS was 90%, 95%, and 90%, respectively.

Conclusion B-mode US examination is a diagnostic method used in addition to standard imaging for the detection of splenic involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma. CEUS does not provide additional benefit compared to B-mode US and the standard reference procedure.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Beurteilung des Milzbefalls (MB) mit B-mode-Ultraschall (US) und kontrastverstärktem Ultraschall (CEUS) im Vergleich zur Standardbildgebung mit kontrastverstärkter Computertomografie (CT)/18-Fluordesoxyglucose-Positronen-Emissionstomografie (PET-CT) bei Patienten mit Hodgkin-Lymphom (HL).

Material und Methode Bei 112 Patienten mit histologisch bestätigtem HL wurde von 12/2003 bis 10/2022 der MB im Rahmen des Staging bei Erstdiagnose oder bei Rezidiv untersucht. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine Standardbildgebung (CT/PET-CT), zusammen mit B-mode-US und CEUS durchgeführt. Der Nachweis von fokalen Milzläsionen (FSLs) war ein Hinweis auf einen MB. Das bildgebende Ansprechen auf die Behandlung sicherte im Verlauf den MB.

Ergebnisse 40 (35,7%) Patienten wiesen einen MB auf. Multiple FSLs konnten bei 38 und eine solitäre FSL bei 2 Patienten dargestellt werden. Ein großnodulärer (>3cm) MB wurde in 7 Fällen (17,5%), ein kleinnodulärer (1–3cm) in 29 (72,5%) und ein diffuser (<1cm) in 4 Fällen (10%) beschrieben. Die Standardbildgebung konnte den MB in 36 Fällen (32,1%), der B-mode-US in 38 (33,9%) und der CEUS in 36 Fällen (32,1%) nachweisen. Die Sensitivität lag bei 90% mit der Standardbildgebung, bei 95% mit dem B-mode-US und bei 90% mit CEUS.

Schlussfolgerungen B-mode-US ist eine zusätzliche Bildgebungsmethode, die einen MB bei HL im Vergleich zur Standardbildgebung mit einer hohen Sensitivität nachweisen kann. Der CEUS bietet keinen zusätzlichen diagnostischen Nutzen – im Vergleich zum B-mode-US und zur Standardbildgebung.

Keywords

Hodgkin Lymphoma - CEUS - b-mode ultrasound - staging - spleen - Contrast-enhanced ultrasound

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 30. Mai 2023

Angenommen nach Revision: 28. August 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
20. Oktober 2023

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